Fundamentals Of Nursing Evolve Chapter 35 Cam

Front 1

The primary difference between complementary and alternative therapies is that complementary therapies:
A. Contain diagnostic and therapeutic methods specific to their field
B. Are considered to be traditional Western medicine
C. Are easily learned and applied
D. Are used along with conventional treatment, but are not the primary treatment

Back 1

d. This is the definition of complementary therapy. As the name implies, complementary therapies complement the conventional treatment. Alternative therapies often become the primary treatment that replaces allopathic medical care.
a. Both complementary and alternative therapies contain diagnostic and therapeutic methods specific to their field.
b. Allopathic medicine is considered to be traditional Western medicine.
c. Both complementary and alternative therapies have techniques that can be easily learned and applied; this does not differentiate them.

Front 2

A nurse is assisting a fatigued client with terminal bone cancer use relaxation therapy to reduce his stress response. An appropriate intervention would be for the nurse to:
A. Teach the client to tighten and relax an ordered succession of muscle groups
B. Use dance therapy with the client
C. Have the client imagine warmth flowing through specific muscle groups
D. Refer the client to a chiropractor

Back 2

c. This response describes passive relaxation. Passive relaxation is a useful form of relaxation therapy for persons for whom the effort and energy expenditure of active muscle contracting leads to discomfort or exhaustion. The client is already described as being fatigued; therefore passive relaxation would be an appropriate intervention.
a. This response describes progressive relaxation. Active progressive relaxation would not be appropriate for the client with advanced disease and decreased energy reserves because it requires a moderate expenditure of energy, which can amplify a person's existing fatigue.
b. Dance therapy would not be appropriate for a person who is already fatigued.
d. If a bone malignancy is present, it should not be treated with manipulation. The structural integrity of the bone may be compromised if excessive force is used.

Front 3

When considering meditation as a form of therapy, it is important to remember:
A. It requires more self-discipline than most other behavioral therapies.
B. It is not compatible with most religious practices.
C. It increases respiratory and heart rates and therefore increases oxygen consumption.
D. It may result in a need for adjustment of certain medications

Back 3

d. Meditation may augment the effects of certain drugs such as antihypertensives, thyroid-regulating medications, antidepressants, or antianxiety agents. Individuals learning meditation should be monitored closely for physiological changes with respect to their medications because dosage adjustment may be necessary.
a. Meditation can be easily learned and does not require memorization or particular procedures. It actually requires less self-discipline than most other behavioral therapies.
b. Meditation requires no change in belief system and is compatible with most religious practices.
c. Meditation results in decreased heart and respiratory rates, lowered oxygen consumption, and reports of reduced anxiety.

Front 4

A client asks the nurse if acupuncture is a safe therapy for everyone. The nurse correctly replies:
A. “Acupuncture should not be used in people who have bleeding disorders or skin infections.”
B. “People with neurological disorders should not use acupuncture.”
C. “It does not require sterile technique; therefore it is a relatively safe therapy.”
D. “Although there are no contraindications, there hasn’t been much success in treating smoking or other addictions with acupuncture.”

Back 4

a. Treatment is also contraindicated in persons with thrombocytopenia. Also, the semipermanent needles should not be used with persons who have valvular heart disease because of the increased risk of infection.
b. Neurological disorders have been successfully treated with acupuncture. Acupuncture should be used with caution in those who have a history of seizures. Electroacupuncture should be avoided in persons with a pacemaker and those who have cardiac arrhythmias or epilepsy or are pregnant.
c. Acupuncture is considered a safe therapy when the practitioner has been appropriately trained and uses sterilized needles. Infections can result from a lack of adequately sterilized needles.
d. Treatment is contraindicated in persons who have bleeding disorders, thrombocytopenia, or skin infections. Smoking and other addictions have been successfully treated with acupuncture.

Front 5

The nurse is teaching relaxation therapy to a client with a history of angina and hypertension. The nurse realizes further education is necessary when the client states:
A. “Relaxation therapy can help me become more aware of when I become tense and to release the tension.”
B. “Relaxation therapy can help decrease my heart and respiratory rates and lower my blood pressure.”
C. c.“The stress response is a biochemical response of the body that cannot be altered.”
D. “The effects of long-term stress can cause structural damage and chronic illness like my angina.”

Back 5

c. The stress response is a biochemical response that can be modulated by the mind.
a, b, and d. These are all correct statements regarding relaxation therapy. Other chronic illnesses from the effects of long-term stress on the body may include tension headaches, cardiac arrhythmias, pain, ulcers, and atrophy of the immune system organs

Front 6

A client is told to take deep breaths and imagine a green grassy field with an orchard, to feel the warmth of the yellow sun, to hear the clear brook nearby, and taste the tartness of biting into a red apple. This is an example of:
A. Meditation
B. Imagery
C. Biofeedback
D. Relaxation by color exchange

Back 6

b. This is an example of guided imagery. Imagery can be combined with rhythmic breathing.
a. Meditation is a self-directed practice for relaxing the body and calming the mind using focused rhythmic breathing.
c. Biofeedback is a process providing a person with visual or auditory information about autonomic physiological functions of the body, such as muscle tension, skin temperature, and brain wave activity, through the use of instruments.
d. Relaxation by color exchange teaches a client to notice any tension or pain in the client's body and give it a color. The client breathes in pure white light and exhales the color of discomfort (and replaces the color with the white light).

Front 7

The process of therapeutic touch consists of five phases. Unruffling is when the practitioner:
A. Becomes aware and fully present during the entire treatment
B. Rebalances energy by touching the body or keeping the hands a few inches away from the body
C. Makes long downward strokes over the entire body to facilitate the flow of energy through the body
D. Notices the quality of energy and detects accumulations of energy

Back 7

c. This describes the third phase of therapeutic touch, known as unruffling.
a. This describes the first phase of therapeutic touch, known as centering.
b. This describes the fourth phase of therapeutic touch, which is the actual treatment.
d. This describes the second phase of therapeutic touch, labeled assessment

Front 8

A client asks the nurse, “How does acupuncture work?” The nurse’s best response is:
A. “The insertion of acupuncture needles unblock the obstruction of energy and reestablishes the flow of vital energy, so the body can heal itself.”
B. “As acupuncture needles are inserted, information about the condition and balance of qi, blood, yin and yang, and the internal organs is obtained so the appropriate treatment can be prescribed.”
C. “The insertion of acupuncture needles transfers universal life energy to the client, providing strength, harmony, and balance to prevent health disturbances.”
D. “Pressure is applied on designated points on the body to relieve pain or regulate body function.”

Back 8

a. According to Chinese traditional medicine, acupuncture needles unblock the obstruction of energy and reestablish the flow of qi through the meridians, thereby stimulating and activating the body's self-healing mechanism.
b. Assessment of pulses, not acupuncture, is considered to provide information about the condition and balance of qi, blood, yin and yang, and the internal organs.
c. In Reiki therapy, the practitioner places hands on or above a body area and transfers "universal life energy" to the client. This energy provides strength, harmony, and balance to treat (not prevent) health disturbances.
d. This response describes acupressure, not acupuncture

Front 9

During an admission assessment a nurse learns that the patient takes several herbal medicines. The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of deficient knowledge when the client states:
A. “The goal of herbal therapy is to facilitate the body’s self-healing ability, whereas drug therapy treats specific diseases.”
B. “I make sure my herbal medicines are labeled with the name and address of the manufacturer and have a lot number, and I check the expiration date.”
C. “A potential problem of herbal medicine is that concentration of the active ingredients can vary considerably.”
D. “I know I shouldn’t swallow comfrey, so I’ve been putting it lightly on my open sore.”

Back 9

d. Comfrey is an unsafe herbal medicine used to help wound healing, It may induce venoocclusive disease and should only be used on intact skin. Comfrey has been shown to produce liver cancer in small animals and for this reason should not be used internally.
a, b, and c. These are correct statements regarding herbal therapy. A potential danger of herbal therapy is that contamination with other herbs or chemicals, including pesticides and heavy metals, may occur. Because not all companies follow strict quality control and manufacturing guidelines, herbal medicine should be purchased only from reputable manufacturers and the products should have adequate labeling.

Front 10

Research has indicated therapeutic touch has demonstrated benefits including:
A. Increasing hemoglobin levels in several clients; reducing or eliminating phantom leg pain
B. Reducing anxiety levels in clients with cardiovascular disease; treating vertebral subluxation.
C. Treating irritable bowel syndrome; shortening hospital stay following abdominal surgery
D. Improving outcomes in postpartum women; treating urinary incontinence

Back 10

a. Studies have found that therapeutic touch was able to increase hemoglobin levels in several clients, that it was effective in reducing anxiety levels in hospitalized clients with cardiovascular disease, reducing headache pain, and improving mood in bereaved adults. Therapeutic touch can also improve outcomes in postpartum women, reduce pain and shorten hospital stay following abdominal surgery, help treat drug addiction, and reduce or eliminate phantom limb pain.
b. Treating vertebral subluxation is accomplished with chiropractic therapy.
c. Imagery has proven useful in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
d. Biofeedback has been successful in treating urinary incontinence

Front 11

Which of the following clients would likely benefit the most from touch?
A. A newborn
B. An older adult client whose family lives away
C. An adult who missed his weekly massage therapy
D. A person who uses tai chi

Back 11

b. Older adults need touch as much as or more than any other age-group. Older adults often have fewer family members to touch them.
a. Newborns also need touch but are more likely to receive it than older adults.
c. A person who receives massage therapy is getting touch on a regular basis.
d. A person who uses tai chi, a technique that incorporates breath, movement, and meditation to circulate vital life energy and blood, is not necessarily lacking touch

Front 12

The primary difference between biofeedback and relaxation therapy is that:
A. Biofeedback uses electronic instruments to provide immediate feedback to control physiological functions; relaxation therapy uses strategies for relaxation without the use of instruments recording bodily responses.
B. With biofeedback, the individual learns to differentiate between high-intensity tension and very subtle tension; with relaxation therapy, the individual learns to relax individual muscle groups passively.
C. Biofeedback enables individuals to exert some control over their lives; relaxation therapy can only alter the long-term stress response.
D. Biofeedback may be contraindicated in people who have a strong fear of losing control and may perceive it as a form of mind control; relaxation therapy can be used with anyone.

Back 12

a. The primary difference between biofeedback and relaxation therapy is the use of instruments.
b. With progressive relaxation the individual learns to differentiate between high-intensity tension and very subtle tension; with passive relaxation, the individual learns to relax individual muscle groups passively. Both are types of relaxation therapy.
c. Both biofeedback and relaxation therapy enable individuals to exert some control over their lives; relaxation therapy can alter the stress response.
d. Meditation may be contraindicated in people who have a strong fear of losing control and may perceive it as a form of mind control; relaxation therapy may cause some individuals to fear loss of control and may result in intensification of symptoms or the development of altogether new symptoms. The type of relaxation therapy needs to match the physiological and psychological status of the individual.

Front 13

The types of complementary and alternative therapies that may affect the immune system include:
A. Hypnotherapy, massage therapy, and milk thistle
B. Echinacea, imagery, and tai chi
C. Art, dance, and music therapy
D. Allopathic medicine and a macrobiotic diet

Back 13

b. Echinacea, imagery, and tai chi are known for stimulating the immune system.
a. Hypnotherapy is used to treat paralysis, headaches, pain, addictions, and phobias. Massage therapy is used to increase circulation, improve muscle tone, and relaxation. Milk thistle is an herbal medicine used to treat liver disease.
c. Art, dance, and music therapy help people express themselves.
d. Allopathic medicine is conventional medicine used to treat and cure disease. A macrobiotic diet is a predominantly vegan diet initially used in the treatment of cancers

Front 14

The goal of chiropractic therapy is:
A. To develop skills to reduce the negative ways in which persons respond to situations within their environment
B. To use the conscious mind to create mental images to stimulate physical changes in the body, improve perceived well-being, and/or enhance self-awareness
C. To restore the structural and functional imbalances that may result in pain
D. To redirect energy to bring the person back into energy balance

Back 14

c. It is believed that structure and function coexist with one another and that alterations or distortions in structure can lead to abnormalities in function. Chiropractic therapy focuses on restoring through manipulation (and possibly physiotherapy and diet therapy) the structural and functional imbalances that may result in pain.
a. This is the goal of relaxation therapy.
b. This is the goal of imagery.
d. This is a goal of therapeutic touch.