Fundamentals Of Chemistry Test 1

Front 1

The most important idea in all of human knowledge: All things are made of _____.

Back 1

Atoms

Front 2

______ is the science that seeks to understand how matter behaves by studying how atoms and molecules behave.

and/or

____ is the science that seeks to understand matter and energy and the changes that matter undergoes.

Back 2

Chemistry

Front 3

Lavoisier developed the law of _________ ___ ___, which states, “In a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed.”

Back 3

Conservation of mass

Front 4

3 C's of success:

Back 4

Curiosity
Calculate
Commitment

Front 5

A number in scientific notation has two parts:

Back 5

- decimal part (or coefficient): a number that is between 1 and 10
- An exponential part: 10 (the base) raised to an exponent, n.

Front 6

Trailing zeros at the end of a number, but before an implied decimal point, are _______ and should be avoided.

Back 6

ambiguous

Front 7

Standard SI unit for length?

Back 7

Meters, m

Front 8

Standard SI unit for mass?

Back 8

Kilogram, kg

Front 9

Standard SI unit for time?

Back 9

Seconds, s

Front 10

Standard SI unit for temperature?

Back 10

Kelvin, K

Front 11

____ is anything that occupies space and has mass

Back 11

Matter

Front 12

____ is a measure of the quantity of matter

Back 12

Mass

Front 13

_____ is a measure of the gravitational pull on matter. ______ depends on gravity while mass does not.

Back 13

Weight
Weight

Front 14

What's the symbol & multiplier of tera?

Back 14

T
10^12

Front 15

What's the symbol & multiplier of giga?

Back 15

G
10^9

Front 16

Any unit of length, when cubed (raised to the third power), becomes a unit of _____.

Back 16

Volume

Front 17

______ ______ is a way of learning that emphasizes observation and experimentation.

Back 17

scientific method

Front 18

The first step to acquiring scientific knowledge is often the ______ or measurement of some aspect of nature.

Back 18

Observation

Front 19

Observations often lead scientist to formulate a ______, a tentative interpretation or explanation of the observations.

Back 19

hypothesis

Front 20

Hypotheses are tested by _______, highly controlled observations designed to validate or invalidate hypotheses.

Back 20

experiments

Front 21

Sometimes a number of similar observations lead to the development of a ________ ___, a brief statement that synthesizes past observations and predicts future ones.

Back 21

scientific law

Front 22

One or more well established hypotheses may form the basis for a scientific ______. They are models of the way nature is, and they often predict behavior that extends well beyond the observations and laws on which they were founded.

Back 22

theory

Front 23

John Dalton explained the law of conservation of mass, as well as other laws and observations, by proposing that all matter is made up of small, indestructible particles called atoms. This is known as the _____ ______.

Back 23

Atomic theory

Front 24

Scientist use ______ _______ to write numbers with many 0's more compactly.

Back 24

Scientific notation

Front 25

A number written in scientific notation consists of a ______ _____, a number that is usually between 1 and 10, and an ________ ______, 10 raised to an exponent.

Back 25

Decimal part

Exponential Part

Front 26

The non-place holding digits in a measurement are ______ _____ and, as we have seen, represent the precision of a measured quantity.

Back 26

significant figures

Front 27

The 2 most common unit systems are the ______ ______, used in the United States, and the _______ _______, used in most of the rest of the world.

Back 27

English System

Metric System

Front 28

The most convenient system for science measurements is based on the metric system and is called the International System of units or __ _____. The set of standard units agreed on by scientist throughout the world.

Back 28

SI Units

Front 29

The SI system employs ______ _________ with the standard units. These multipliers change the value of the unit by the powers of 10.

Back 29

Prefix Multipliers

Front 30

We can diagram conversions using a ______ ___; a visual outline that shows the strategic route required to solve a problem.

Back 30

Solution map

Front 31

_____ is the fundamental property of substances that differs from one substance to another.

Back 31

Density.

m
d= ----
v

(remember triangle with "d" in leftmost part, "m" on the top and "v" in the rightmost part)

Front 32

The only states of matter who's molecular motion is defined as free to move relative to one another is _____ & ______.

Back 32

Gas
&
Liquid

Front 33

STATE OF MATTER:
Spacing: Far Apart
Shape: Indefinite
Volume: indefinite
Compressible

Back 33

Gas

Front 34

The molecular motion of a _____ is oscillated/vibration about a fixed point. (State of Matter)

Back 34

Solid

Front 35

STATE OF MATTER:
Spacing: Close together
Shape: definite
Volume: definite
Incompressible

Back 35

Solid

Front 36

STATE OF MATTER:
Spacing: Close together
Shape: Indefinite
Volume: definite
Incompressible

Back 36

Liquid

Front 37

_______ ________ is the atomic or molecular composition of a substance that does not change when the substance displays its physical properties. (No change in composition, described by senses or measurable properties).

Back 37

Physical Property

Front 38

_______ _______ is the atomic or molecular composition of a substance that changes when the substance displays its chemical properties.

Back 38

Chemical property

Front 39

______ _____ occur when atoms that compose the matter do not change their fundamental associations, even though the matter may change its appearance.
(appearance change; composition stays same)

Back 39

Physical Change

Front 40

_______ _______ occur when atoms do change their fundamental associations, resulting in matter with a new identity.
(composition changes, get new substance)

Back 40

Chemical Change

Front 41

In a ______ ______ , significant changes in mass can occur. (discussed in chapter 17)

Back 41

nuclear reaction

Front 42

The Nutritional Value of food is describe in _____.

Back 42

Cal

Front 43

_____, which has units of energy, is the transfer or exchange of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference.

Back 43

Heat

Front 44

______ is a measure of matter’s thermal energy.

Back 44

Temperature

Front 45

______ _____ is associated with the random motions of atoms and molecules in matter.

Back 45

Thermal Energy

Front 46

Matter is ultimately composed of ____, submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of matter.

Back 46

Atoms

Front 47

In many cases, these atoms are bonded together to form ______, two or more atoms conjoined to one another in specific geometric arrangements.

Back 47

Molecule

Front 48

Solid matter may be _____, in which case its atoms or molecules arrange in geometric patterns with long range, repeating order.

Back 48

Crystalline

Front 49

Solid matter may be _____, in which case its atoms or molecules don't have long range order.

Back 49

Amorphous

Front 50

Matter may be either a _____ ____, composed of only one type of atom or molecule, or a _____, composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions.

Back 50

Pure substance

Mixture

Front 51

In a chemical reaction, the substances present before the change are called _____, and the substances present after are called ______.

Back 51

Reactants

Products

Front 52

Copper is an example of an _____, a substance that cannot be broken down any farther.

Back 52

Element

Front 53

A pure substance can also be a ______, a substance composed of two or more elements in fixed definite proportions.

Back 53

Compound

Front 54

In a _______ ______, such as oil and water, the composition varies from one region to another.

Back 54

Heterogeneous Mixture

Front 55

In a ______ ______, such as salt water or sweet tea, the composition is the same throughout.

Back 55

Homogeneous Mixture

Front 56

Oil floats on top of water and can be removed through the process of ______, carefully pouring off into another container.

Back 56

Decanting

Front 57

____ is a process in which the mixture is heated to boil off the more volatile, (easily vaporizable),

Back 57

Distillation

Front 58

____ is the capacity to do work.

Back 58

Energy

Front 59

_____ is defined as the result of a force acting on a distance.

Back 59

Work

Front 60

______ energy is the energy associated with the flow of electric charge.

Back 60

Electrical

Front 61

_____ energy is the energy associated with the random motions of atoms and molecules in matter.

Back 61

Thermal

Front 62

______ energy is a form of potential energy associated with the positions of the particles that compose the chemical system.

Back 62

Chemical

Front 63

Chemical reactions that release energy, like the explosion of TNT, are said to be _____.

Back 63

Exothermic

Front 64

Some chemical reactions are said to absorb energy from their surroundings, like a cold pack on a bad knee, and they are ______.

Back 64

Endothermic

Front 65

Kelvin = Celsius + ______.___

Back 65

273.15

Front 66

Celsius = ______ (in regards to F)

Back 66

(F-32)
---------
1.8

Front 67

Whats the symbol and prefix multiplier for Mega?

Back 67

M
10^6

Front 68

Whats the symbol and prefix multiplier for hecto?

Back 68

h
10^2

Front 69

Whats the symbol and prefix multiplier for deka?

Back 69

da
10^1

Front 70

Whats the symbol and prefix multiplier for deci?

Back 70

d
10^-1

Front 71

Whats the symbol and prefix multiplier for centi?

Back 71

c
10^-2

Front 72

Whats the symbol and prefix multiplier for milli?

Back 72

m
10^-3

Front 73

Whats the symbol and prefix multiplier for micro?

Back 73

u (mew, weird lookin)
10^-6

Front 74

Whats the symbol and prefix multiplier for nano?

Back 74

n
10^-9

Front 75

Whats the symbol and prefix multiplier for pico?

Back 75

p
10^-12

Front 76

Whats the symbol and prefix multiplier for femto?

Back 76

f
10^-15

Front 77

1 meter (m) = _____ in?

Back 77

39.37

Front 78

1 meter = _____ yd?

Back 78

1.094

Front 79

1 inch = ____ cm?

Back 79

2.54

Front 80

1 kg = _____ lbs?

Back 80

2.205

Front 81

1 Liter = _____ mL?

Back 81

1000

Front 82

1mL = _____ cc (cm^3)

Back 82

1

Front 83

1 Liter = _____ qts?

Back 83

1.057