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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some clinical applications of enzymes? |
Metabolic disease due to enzyme deficiencies Enzyme inhibitors as drugs Measurement of blood glucose in diabetics |
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What are some enzymes in everyday life? |
Pesticides bioremediation of waste food and beverage industries |
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Fermentation of sugar suar ---> alcohol |
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Important concepts |
Enzymes lower the activation energy Affect the rate of reaction but not the equilibrium position Not altered in the reaction and can be re-used Stabilise the transition state Specific for the substrate |
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Enzymes differ from other catalysts in that only enzymes |
1. are not consumed in the reaction 2. display specificity toward a single reactant 3. fail to influence the equilibrium point of the reaction 4. form an activated complex with the reactants 5. lower the activation energy of the reaction catalysed |
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How do enzymes lower the activation energy? |
by binding to the transition state Orienting key reactive groups in the substrate and bringing two substrates together precise positioning of active site functional groups provide general acids and bases to donate and accept protons that are transferred to the substrate providing an alternative pathway for the reaction |
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What is enzyme kinetics? |
Kinetics is the study of the rate at which compounds react |
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The rate of an enzymatic reaction is affected by |
enzyme substrate effectors temperature ph |
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What are the types of reversible inhibitors? |
competitive inhibitor Uncompetitive inhibitor Non- competitive inhibitor |
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Competitive inhibition Binds to active site Does not affect catalysis No change in Vmax Increase in Km |
Uncompetitive inhibition does not affect substrate binding inhibits catalytic function, prevents product formation Decrease in Vmax, decrease in Km |
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Non-competitive inhibition does nothing |
Competitive = x Uncompetitive = tracks Non-competitive = sideways v |
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What are factors that influence enzyme activity |
Inhibitors Temperature pH |
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What is an epimer?
Epimers are two sugar that differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom
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Storing energy- plants - starch animals - glycogen
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