Fundamentals Final Exam

Front 1

Interference with work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoying activities once considered pleasurable (including sex) are all symptoms of?

Back 1

Major depression

Front 2

Moods from extreme highs to extreme lows and may make decisions or act in a way that can be both embarrassing and dangerous when cycling through mania are all symptoms of?

Back 2

Bipolar

Front 3

Mild with flu-like symptoms

Back 3

viral meningitis

Front 4

Seen in patients with immune deficiency, such as acquired immunodeficiency and can be life threatening

Back 4

Fungal meningitis

Front 5

Occurs as a complication of an earlier infection of the ears, sinuses, or lungs or transferred from another person who is infected

Back 5

Acute bacterial meningitis

Front 6

High fever, photophobia, sever headache, confusion, stiff neck, seizures, positive Brodzinski's and Kernig's signs are all symptoms of?

Back 6

Bacterial meningitis

Front 7

3 protective layers around the brain

Back 7

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Front 8

tough outermost membrane

Back 8

dura mater

Front 9

middle membrane layer

Back 9

arachnoid mater

Front 10

located in the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater

Back 10

cerebral spinal fluid

Front 11

highly vascular and innermost membrane layer

Back 11

pia mater

Front 12

what part of the EKG machine write the graph

Back 12

stylus

Front 13

occurs when a CVA or a tumor occurs on one side of the brain, resulting in paralysis on the opposite side of the body

Back 13

hemiplegia

Front 14

transection occurs below the midpoint of the spinal cord, causing paralysis of both legs, loss of function below the level of injury, including loss of bladder and bowel control

Back 14

paraplegia

Front 15

transection occurs in the upper thoracic or cervical region of the spinal cord, causing paralysis of all four limbs, respiratory difficulty, and loss of function to cell muscles below injury points

Back 15

quadriplegia

Front 16

Located in the upper back wall of the right atrium at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium

Back 16

s-a node

Front 17

Located in the posterior, superior portion of the right atrial septal wall directly behind the tricuspid valve

Back 17

a-v node

Front 18

loss of consciousness, tonic/clonic activity, clenched teeth, loss of bowel or bladder control, may fall asleep or appear confused for a minutes after, and may experience an aura before

Back 18

grand mal or tonic clonic seizure

Front 19

fast, nobody notices, kids often get told they have a learning disability when in all actuality it's a _______________

Back 19

absence or petit mal seizure

Front 20

May occur when the blood supply to a particular part of the brain is inadequate for a limited time

Back 20

TIA's

Front 21

Individuals experiencing TIA's should be seen __________ of the onset of symptoms so they can be evaluated carefully and treated to prevent a possible stroke

Back 21

within one hour

Front 22

Individuals with _____________ may be prescribed anticoagulants, like Heparin or Coumadin, or they may be put on daily low-dose aspirin or Plavix

Back 22

atrial fibrillation

Front 23

Numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg or on one side of the body, confusion or difficulty talking or understanding speech, diplopia, difficulty walking and vertigo are all symptoms of ?

Back 23

TIA's

Front 24

Occurs when a vessel in the brain either ruptures or occludes and the tissue on the other side of the damaged vessel becomes oxygen deprived. Patient's subsequent symptoms depend on the location of the arterial occlusion or rupture

Back 24

CVA's (stroke)

Front 25

Thrombolytic drugs are used to dissolved the clot and anticoagulants may be given if the cause was a thrombus or an embolus. Thrombolytic medication can effectively treat resulting ischemia only if it is given __________________

Back 25

within the first 3 to 6 hours after the ischemia began

Front 26

Only used if a CVA is caused by an occlusion

Back 26

thrombolytic drugs

Front 27

The working stage of the heart. When both the atria and the ventricles contract and empty of blood

Back 27

Systole

Front 28

The relaxation stage. When the chambers refill with blood

Back 28

Diastole

Front 29

Functioning cell of the nervous system

Back 29

Neuron

Front 30

Made up of a cell body with nucleus, dendrites, axon, and synapse

Back 30

Neuron

Front 31

main cell body that contains the nucleus

Back 31

axon

Front 32

receive the nervous impulse from a preceding neuron and carry it into the cell body

Back 32

dendrites

Front 33

carry the impulse across the synapse to the next neuron

Back 33

neurotransmitters

Front 34

segmented, fatty tissue that wraps around the axon of the nerve cell and acts as an electrical insulator to speed the conduction of nerve impulses

Back 34

myelin sheath

Front 35

anatomic-physiologic structure made up of astrocyte glial cells that prevents or slows the transfer of chemicals into the neurons of the CNS

Back 35

blood brain barriers

Front 36

deformities or deviations from a normal condition, resulting from faulty development of a fetus

Back 36

anomalies

Front 37

failure or irregularity of muscle actions and coordination

Back 37

ataxia

Front 38

pertaining to the opposite side of the body

Back 38

contralateral

Front 39

pertaining to the same side of the body

Back 39

ipsilateral

Front 40

supportive/specialized cells that perform specific functions in the nervous system

Back 40

glial/neuroglial cells

Front 41

closely regulates what substances enter the brain tissue

Back 41

blood brain barriers

Front 42

astrocytes help form this

Back 42

blood brain barrier

Front 43

main drugs we use to slow the progression of alzheimer's

Back 43

aricept and cognex

Front 44

_________% of individuals who commit suicide have a diagnosable mental disorder

Back 44

90%

Front 45

White men 85 and over have the highest __________ rate

Back 45

suicide

Front 46

3rd leading cause of death in children ages 10-19 and in young adults ages 20-24

Back 46

suicide

Front 47

True or False:
Women attempt suicide two to three times more often than men

Back 47

True

Front 48

True or False:
Four times as many men, then women, are successful at suicide

Back 48

True

Front 49

Antidepressant medications take a minimum of ____________ for a full therapeutic effect of the drug to occur

Back 49

3 to 4 weeks

Front 50

it is important to continue treatment for a minimum of ___________ to prevent a recurrence of depression

Back 50

4 to 9 months

Front 51

Noninvasive method of assessing possible cardiac risk and records the amount of plaque in the coronary arteries by showing the presence of calcium deposits

Back 51

EBT (electron beam tomography)

Front 52

Atrial depolarization

Back 52

P Wave

Front 53

When atrial contract

Back 53

P Wave

Front 54

Ventricle depolarization

Back 54

QRS Wave

Front 55

When ventricles contract

Back 55

QRS Wave

Front 56

Repolarization of Ventricles

Back 56

T Wave

Front 57

resting state of the myocardial wall

Back 57

polarization

Front 58

when the electrical system of the heart stimulates a myocardial cell

Back 58

depolarization

Front 59

when heart muscle cells return to a resting state before they can be electrically stimulated again

Back 59

repolarization

Front 60

Monitors heart rhythm and delivers shock to the heart if it detects a dangerous tachycardia or fibrillation

Back 60

ICD

Front 61

can reverse v-tach and v-fib especially after the patient has had an MI

Back 61

ICD

Front 62

Generator programmed to treat the patients particular or potential cardiac arrhythmia

Back 62

ICD

Front 63

when the electrolytes are returning to the muscle so it's ready to start again

Back 63

repolarization

Front 64

an artery in the brain ruptures, may be the result of an untreated or uncontrolled hypertension or a congenital aneurysm

Back 64

cerebral hemorrhage

Front 65

What position should the patient be in to perform an EKG

Back 65

supine

Front 66

How should a patient breath while performing and EKG?

Back 66

breath normally

Front 67

blood clot from somewhere else in the body or a piece of plaque breaks away and flows through the bloodstream to the brain

Back 67

embolic stroke

Front 68

blood clot forms in a cerebral artery and blocks distal blood flow

Back 68

thrombolitic stroke