Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the affinity of a drug |
The property of a drug to bind to a binding side on the receptor |
|
|
What is the efficacy of a drug |
A measure of the ability of the drug to produce a measurable response. This can be zero positive or negative what |
|
|
What is the general principles of receptors |
They have a high degree of drug specificity They bind only molecules with 3 dimensional topography and chemistry Receptors do not bind closely related molecules |
|
|
Binding of multiple receptors can cause what |
Unwanted side effects |
|
|
Low potency drugs are prone to |
Binding to a range of receptors |
|
|
What are the drug targets |
-Ion channels -Enzymes -Carrier molecules (Transporters) - receptors |
|
|
Name the stages of how a drug is studied |
Preclinical Phase 0 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 |
|
|
What is the late clinical phase testing |
Testing on drug on Non human subjects, to gather efficacy, toxicity, and pharmakinetics The dose is unrestricted |
|
|
What is phase 0 doing |
Pharmakinetics particularly oral bioavailability and half life of the drug Dose - very small, sub-therapeutic and is used on 10 people |
|
|
What is phase 1 doing |
Testing of drug on healthy volunteers Dose - sub therapeutic but with ascending doses Used on 20-100 people Determines whether drug is safe to check for efficacy |
|
|
What is phase 2 doing |
Testing of drug on patients to assess efficacy and safety Dose - therapeutic 100-300 People |
|
|
What is phase 3 doing |
Testing of drug on paitents to assess efficacy, effectiveness and safety Therapeutic dose 1000-2000 people |
|
|
What is phase 4 doing |
Post marketing surveillance watching drug use in public And it’s long term effects Time period usually 2 years |
|
|
How long is this process |
12-18 years ( but not always ) costing over 1 billion |
|
|
The % off phase 2 trials to go to phase 3 is what |
18% |
|
|
How many drug candidates fail during phase 3 |
50% |
|
|
What is Latrogenicity? |
The capacity to produce disease from the side effects of inappropriate prescribing of drugs |
|
|
What is Tetragenicity? |
The capacity to produce abnormalities of the unborn child or foetus |
