Fundamental Concepts And Skills For Nursong Chapter 18 And 19

Front 1

Coordinated movements involves using the

Back 1

Bones , Joints, and Skeletal muscles properly

Front 2

Bones are

Back 2

a dense and hard type of connective tissue.

Front 3

what are the 4 basic bones types

Back 3

Short, Long, flat, and irregular

Front 4

what is a Joint

Back 4

a joint is a place of union of 2 or more bones in the body.

Front 5

what can move freely, slightly or can be immovable

Back 5

Joints

Front 6

Bursae

Back 6

small fluid sacs that provide a cushion at friction points in freely movable joints

Front 7

where are Bursae only placed?

Back 7

in Freely moveable joints

Front 8

Skeletal muscles

Back 8

striated muscles that are made of bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by a connective tissue sheath

Front 9

Tendons

Back 9

cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect a muscle to a bone to allow for joint movement

Front 10

Ligament

Back 10

connect bones or cartilage to provide support and strength

Front 11

Cartilage

Back 11

fibrous connective tissue that acts as a cushion

Front 12

what are the 5 functions of bones for positioning and moving patients?

Back 12

*scaffolding and framework of the body
*skeleton gives shapes to the body
*Supports the internal organs and skin
*bones provide places for Ligaments and tendons to attach
*primary function of joints is to provide movement and flexibility to skeleton

Front 13

what are the 2 functions of muscles for positioning and moving patients?

Back 13

*Skeletal muscle contraction is accomplished through the stimulation of its many muscle fibers
*contractions of skeletal muscles provides body heat and maintains posture

Front 14

what 5 changes occur during aging

Back 14

*Bone strength and mass are lost because of mineral resorption
*loss of bone density
*muscle cells are lost and replaced by fat cells
*muscle fiber elasticity is decreased or lost causing decreased flexibility
*Joint motion may decrease , limiting mobility, activity and exercise

Front 15

Kinesiology

Back 15

The study of movement of the body

Front 16

2 reasons why its good to use good body mechanics

Back 16

*the body functions best when it is in correct anatomic position
*prevent injuries

Front 17

alignment

Back 17

arrangement in a straight line , bring a ling into order

Front 18

a wide base of support

Back 18

8-10 inches apart

Front 19

do not fully extend your elbows or you will

Back 19

put stress and strain on your back muscles

Front 20

instead of using back muscles use

Back 20

thigh, are, or leg muscles

Front 21

Directly _______ the object or person to be moved

Back 21

Face

Front 22

do not ________ when lifting or pulling

Back 22

Twist

Front 23

Avoid twisting, instead if turning is needed then ________. ________ means

Back 23

Pivot . Pivot is to turn or change directions with your feet while remaining in a fixed place

Front 24

There are 2 basic principles for patients

Back 24

*Maintain correct anatomic position
*Change position frequently

Front 25

3 Hazards of improper alignment and positioning

Back 25

*Pressure Ulcers
*Muscle cramps and possible Contractures
*Fluid collection in lungs

Front 26

Contractures

Back 26

resistance to stretch in damaged muscle that pulls a joint into a fixed or "frozen" position

Front 27

Necrosis

Back 27

local death of tissue from disease or injury

Front 28

Shearing

Back 28

applied force that causes a downward and forward pressure on the tissue beneath the skin

Front 29

Assessment

Back 29

Data Collection

Front 30

during assessment check for

Back 30

muscle weakness or paralysis and symmetry

Front 31

Symmetry

Back 31

equality in size, form and arrangement of parts on the opposite sides of a plane ; a mirror image

Front 32

Is a physicians order needed for a patient to be OOB?

Back 32

Yes.

Front 33

Gait

Back 33

Style of walking

Front 34

4 Nursing diagnoses commonly used for problems with body movement are as followed

Back 34

*Risk of injury
*Impaired physical mobility
*Risk for impaired skin integrity
*Impaired walking

Front 35

changing positions accomplishes 4 things

Back 35

*comfort
*relieves pressure on bony prominences
*prevent contractures, deformities and respiratory problems
*improves circulation

Front 36

Supine Position

Back 36

resting on back ______

Front 37

what are 5 variations of the Supine position

Back 37

Fowler , semi fowler, low fowler, dorsal recumbent and dorsal lithotomy positions

Front 38

What would you use the Supine position for?

Back 38

Spinal surgeries

Front 39

what is the fowler position

Back 39

60 to 90 degrees setting on the bed . |____

Front 40

what is the Semi fowler position ?

Back 40

30 t0 60 degrees setting on the bed \______

Front 41

What do the all fowler positions improve ?

Back 41

Cardiac output and respirationsand promotes urinary and bowel elimination .

Front 42

when do you not place a patient in a fowlers position unless ordered?

Back 42

a patient who has had Abdominal surgery

Front 43

elevation of the knees 15 degrees for the

Back 43

elderly and postoperative patients

Front 44

what is the difference between dorsal recumbent and Dorsal Lithotomy

Back 44

* Recumbent has your legs placed on bed and bent
*Lithotomy has your legs bent like youre doing a paps smear exam

Front 45

Side lying position

Back 45

the major portion of the patients weight is on the shoulders and hips

Front 46

Sims position and who are they usually used for

Back 46

used for rectal exams, administering enemas and inserting suppositories . left arm is behind . right knee and thigh up above the the lower leg.

Front 47

prone position and who are they usually used for

Back 47

laying face down. spinal cord injury patients

Front 48

Knee-chest position and who are they usually used for

Back 48

variation of the prone position . usually used for rectal exams . doggy style lol

Front 49

what are some positioning devices

Back 49

pillows, boots, footboards, cushioned boots, trapeze bar, sand bags , hand rolls, trochanter rolls

Front 50

Logrolling

Back 50

turning the patient in one as a single unit while maintaining straight body alignment at all times

Front 51

when is logrolling mainly used

Back 51

in patients with injuries or surgery to the spine and for those who must avoid twisting

Front 52

when lines are changed in an occupied bed what moving technique is used

Back 52

logrolling

Front 53

when a lift sheet is used or not how many people are needed

Back 53

at least 3 when there isn't a lift sheet and 1 preferably 2 other assistance with a lift sheet

Front 54

what is ROM and what does it do

Back 54

Range of motion, all muscle joints are maximally stretched to achieve or maintain flexibility of the joint

Front 55

how often should ROM be performed a day and how many times a exercise

Back 55

once or twice a days ,3 to 5 times a exercise

Front 56

what is the difference between active and passive ROM

Back 56

*Active- the patient performs the exercise on their own, independently
*Passive- patient cannot actively move .

Front 57

to prevent injury during passive ROM what should be done

Back 57

support the limb to be exercised above and below the joint

Front 58

before transferring a patient to a wheelchair what should you have the patient do?

Back 58

dangle their legs on the side of the bed

Front 59

Dangling

Back 59

term used for the patient position of sitting on the side of the bed with the legs and feet over the side. the feet are either on the floor on supported on a footstool

Front 60

before sitting on a wheel chair or ambulating what is the first step and why?

Back 60

dangling , to gradually accustom the body to the position change .

Front 61

before getting the patient out of bed you should assess the patient's

Back 61

balance, dizziness, hypotension or nausea

Front 62

what devices can be used to lift and transfer a patient

Back 62

mechanical lifts, lift or pull sheets, roller boards, slide boards and a gait belt

Front 63

what is the largest organ in the body

Back 63

the skin

Front 64

when providing or assisting patients in hygiene practices

Back 64

you are responsible for maintaining safety , privacy and warmth

Front 65

you should always encourage patients to function at their highest level of ____________________.

Back 65

independence

Front 66

Integumentary system

Back 66

contains the skin, hair, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands

Front 67

Sebaceous Glands

Back 67

The sebaceous glands are microscopic glands in the skin that secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum,

Front 68

what are the 2 main layers of the skin

Back 68

Epidermis and dermis

Front 69

Epidermis

Back 69

the outer thicker layer consisting of stratified squamous epithelial tissue and does not contain blood vessels . it receives its nutrition by diffusion by vessels in underlying tissues. it is also called the stratum corneum. the bottom layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes that secrete melanin

Front 70

Dermis

Back 70

inner thinner layer . its made of dense connective tissue that gives the skin strength and elasticity . it is also called the corium . it contains blood vessels nerves, fiber blasts the base of hair follicles , and glands ; the nails are derived from the epidermis . fiber blasts produce new cells to heal skin after injury . hair and nails are made of keratin and have no nerve endings or blood supply.

Front 71

Melanin and what does it protect against

Back 71

the main determinant of skin color, it absorbs light and protects against uv rays

Front 72

what are the 4 main functions of the skin

Back 72

protection, sensation, temperature regulation and excretion and secretion

Front 73

The sebaceous glands are microscopic glands in the skin that secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum what do they help do

Back 73

it makes the skin waterproof by preventing water loss from underlying tissue and too much water absorption during bathing and swimming.

Front 74

reactive hyperemia

Back 74

is the process in which the blood to a place where there was a decrease in circulation

Front 75

damaged skin characteristics include

Back 75

boggy or stiff or warmer or cooler

Front 76

what can also cause pressure ulcers besides pressure in a patient who is incontinent

Back 76

moisture

Front 77

incontinent

Back 77

has lost bowel or bladder control

Front 78

maceration

Back 78

softening of tissue that increases the chance of trauma or infection

Front 79

Diaphoresis

Back 79

perspiration

Front 80

when performing a skin assessment for pressure ulcer risks what should be used ? and how often should it be used

Back 80

The Braden Scale for predicting Pressure Sore Risk, reassess every 24 hours

Front 81

(pressure ulcer assessment) if there has not been damaged to the skin

Back 81

then expect the redness to subside in 30 to 45 minutes.

Front 82

if the redness persist (pressure ulcer assessment) after that time the pressure has done what to the skin?

Back 82

damaged

Front 83

where should you keep the heel of a totally immobile patient while in bed

Back 83

off the bed

Front 84

the initial care for pressure ulcers include

Back 84

debridement , wounds cleansing, and the application of dressings . antibiotic therapy and surgery

Front 85

what are the 4 basic bathing principles

Back 85

*cleanse the skin
*promote comfort
*stimulate circulation
*remove waste products secreted through the skin