Functional Anatomy

Front 1

Biomechanics

Back 1

study of the mechanics as it relates to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems and especially humans

Front 2

mechanics-

Back 2

study of physical actions of forces

Front 3

mechanics is divided into

Back 3

statics and dynamics

Front 4

statics

Back 4

study of systems that are in a constant state of motion
either at rest with no motion or in constant state of velocity without acceleration
Statics involves all forces acting on the body being in balance resulting in the body being in equilibrium

Front 5

Dynamics

Back 5

study of systems in motion with acceleration
-a system in acceleration is unbalanced due to unequal forces acting on the body
kinematics an kinetics

Front 6

kinematics

Back 6

description of motion and includes consideration of time, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and space factors of a systems motion

Front 7

kinetics

Back 7

study of forces associated with the motion of a body

Front 8

musculoskeletal system may be thought of as a

Back 8

series of simple machines

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machines

Back 9

used to increase mechanical advantage

Front 10

three types of machines

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levers, wheel-axles, pulleys

Front 11

levers

Back 11

lever- a rigid bar that turns about an axis of rotation or a fulcrum

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axis

Back 12

point of rotation about with a lever moves

Front 13

first class lever

Back 13

F(force)A(axis)R(resistance)

Front 14

second class lever

Back 14

A(axis)R(Resistance)F(Force)

Front 15

third class lever

Back 15

A(axis)F(force)R(Resistance)

Front 16

FAR first class

Back 16

produce balanced movements when axis midway between (seesaw)
produce speed and range of motion with axis close to force (triceps in elbow extension)
produce force motion when axis close to resistance (crowbar)

Front 17

ARF second class lever

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produces force movements, since a large resistance can be moved by a relatively small force
wheelbarrow
plantar flexion of foot to raise the body up on the toes

Front 18

AFR third class lever

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produce speed and range of motion movements
most common in human body
requires lots of force to move small suff

bicps brachii in elbow flextion

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torque

Back 19

movment of force
the turning effect of an eccentric force

Front 20

eccentric force -

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force applied in a direction not in line with the center of rotaiton of an object with a fixed axis
eccentric force must be applied for rotation to occur

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amount of torque is determed by

Back 21

multiplying amount of force by force arm

Front 22

force arm=

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perpendicular distance between location of force appliation and axis
greater distance of force arm the more torque produced by the force

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resistance arm

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distance between the axis and and the point of resistance application

Front 24

inverse relationship between length of the two lever arms

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between force and force arm
between resistance and resistance arm

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the longer the force arm

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the less force required to move the lever if the resistnce an resistance arm remain constant

Front 26

the shorter the resistance arm

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allows a greater resistance to be moved if force and force arm remain contant

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human leverage system is build for

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speed and range of movement at expense of force

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longer the lever

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the more effective it is in imparting veloity
tennis serve with a long arm vs. short arm

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for quickness it is desirable to have

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a short lever arm
baseball catcher throw short arm
short legs for sprinter

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Wheel and axle

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used primarily to enhance ROM and speed of movement in the musculoskeletal system

when either wheel or axle turns the other must turn as well
turn at same time

Front 31

pulleys

Back 31

function to change effective direction of force application