Fshn Chapter 8

Front 1

1. Which of the following foods is not a good source of potassium?
A. Squash
B. 2% milk
C. Whole grain pasta
D. Canola oil

Back 1

D. Canola Oil

Front 2

2. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by excessive production of ADH. A consequence of this disorder could be
A. hyponatremia.
B. hypernatremia.
C. dehydration.
D. kidney stones.

Back 2

A. hyponatremia

Front 3

3. The two most significant extracellular ions are
A. sodium and chloride.
B. phosphate and potassium.
C. potassium and sodium.
D. chloride and potassium.

Back 3

A. sodium and chloride

Front 4

4. Sodium intake above 2000 milligrams per day may increase urinary excretion of
A. iron.
B. potassium.
C. calcium.
D. vitamin D.

Back 4

C. Calcium

Front 5

5. In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the
A. kidneys.
B. intestine.
C. lungs.
D. liver.

Back 5

A. Kidneys

Front 6

D. Homemade oven-baked chicken, buttered rice, and steamed fresh green beans

Back 6

D. Homemade oven-baked chicken, buttered rice, and steamed fresh green beans

Front 7

7. All foods in their unprocessed form tend to be low in sodium except
A. milk and dairy products.
B. whole grains.
C. legumes.
D. fruits.

Back 7

A. milk and dairy products.

Front 8

8. Obesity
A. reduces risk for hypertension.
B. is a minor contributor to risk for hypertension.
C. is the number one lifestyle risk factor for hypertension.
D. is not related to hypertension.

Back 8

C. is the number one lifestyle risk factor for hypertension.

Front 9

9. According to the RDA, the mineral that you need in the largest amount is
A. iron.
B. iodine.
C. calcium.
D. copper.

Back 9

C. Calcium

Front 10

C. Help regulate chemical reactions in the body
D. Directly supply energy

Back 10

C. Help regulate chemical reactions in the body

Front 11

1. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by excessive production of ADH. A consequence of this disorder could be
A. hyponatremia.
B. hypernatremia.
C. dehydration.
D. kidney stones.

Back 11

A. hyponatremia.

Front 12

2. Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?
A. Water-soluble ones are stored, whereas fat-soluble ones are excreted readily
B. Water-soluble are less likely to be toxic
C. Fat-soluble vitamins have much less potential for toxicity
D. Water-soluble vitamins are best absorbed in the presence of dietary fat

Back 12

B. Water-soluble are less likely to be toxic

Front 13

3. Adult men need how much total water intake per day?
A. 2.0 liters
B. 2.7 liters
C. 3.0 liters
D. 3.7 liters

Back 13

D. 3.7 liters

Front 14

4. All of the following vitamins are stored in the liver except
A. vitamin B-6.
B. vitamin B-12.
C. vitamin D.
D. thiamin.

Back 14

D. Thiamin

Front 15

5. Which of the following electrolytes is especially important for proper heart rhythm?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Chloride
D. Phosphate

Back 15

B. potassium

Front 16

A. Vegetarians
B. Alcoholics
C. People with eating disorders
D. People who exercise heavily

Back 16

A. vegetarians

Front 17

C. They provide 4 kilocalories per gram
D. They help maintain water balance

Back 17

C. They provide 4 kilocalories per gram

Front 18

A. sodium.
B. potassium.
C. chloride.
D. phosphate.

Back 18

A. sodium

Front 19

9. Bottled water is regulated by
A. USDA.
B. EPA.
C. FDA.
D. All of these choices are correct.

Back 19

C. fda

Front 20

10. Joe is a wrestler and during his workouts he loses 2 pounds. How much water would he have to drink to replenish this water weight loss?
A. 2 cups
B. 3 cups
C. 4 cups
D. 5 cups

Back 20

c. 4 cups

Front 21

1. For which of the following people are sports drinks with electrolytes most appropriate?
A. A student who needs to stay up late to study for an exam
B. An athlete who competes in a marathon
C. An athlete who competes in the 46-meter dash
D. An elderly adult

Back 21

B. An athlete who competes in a marathon

Front 22

3. Phosphorus deficiency is a likely result of
A. vitamin D deficiency.
B. inadequate dietary phosphorus intake.
C. excessive consumption of phytic acid and oxalic acid.
D. compromised kidney function.

Back 22

A. vitamin D deficiency.

Front 23

4. Hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure at or above ___________ mm Hg.
A. 100/50
B. 120/80
C. 140/90
D. 180/100

Back 23

C. 140/90

Front 24

5. Aldosterone signals the kidneys to conserve
A. sodium.
B. potassium.
C. chloride.
D. phosphate.

Back 24

A. sodium.

Front 25

7. An adult whose blood pressure is 135/88 should do all of the following except
A. increase his intake of fruits and vegetables.
B. include 2 - 3 servings per day of whole milk.
C. limit meat intake to 2 servings per day.
D. choose whole grain products rather than refined grain products.

Back 25

B. include 2 - 3 servings per day of whole milk.

Front 26

8. A marathon runner who consumes excessive water during a race is at risk for
A. hyperkalemia.
B. hyponatremia.
C. dehydration.
D. heat stroke.

Back 26

b. hyponatremia

Front 27

10. The vitamin content of foods is diminished by all of the following except
A. exposure to light.
B. cooking in water.
C. freezing.
D. alkalinity.

Back 27

C. freezing

Front 28

If the intracellular concentration of ions is greater than the extracellular concentration of ions, fluid will
A. move into the cell.
B. move out of the cell.
C. not change.
D. evaporate.

Back 28

A. move into the cell

Front 29

Phosphorus functions include all of the following except
A. energy storage.
B. component of DNA and RNA.
C. bone structure.
D. regulation of heart rhythm.

Back 29

d. regulation of heart rhythm

Front 30

One or two drinks per day
A. is a reasonable alcohol intake for an adult with hypertension.
B. may reduce the risk for ischemic stroke.
C. is a reasonable alcohol intake for adults of legal drinking age.
D. all of the above.

Back 30

d. all of the above

Front 31

Which of the following electrolytes is especially important for proper heart rhythm?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Chloride
D. Phosphate

Back 31

b. potassium

Front 32

The two most significant extracellular ions are
A. sodium and chloride.
B. phosphate and potassium.
C. potassium and sodium.
D. chloride and potassium.

Back 32

a. sodium and chloride

Front 33

Depletion of chloride is mostly likely to occur with excessive
A. dieting.
B. vomiting.
C. diarrhea.
D. sweating.

Back 33

b. vomiting

Front 34

The DASH diet for reduction of hypertension
A. excludes added sugars.
B. is a vegetarian meal plan.
C. recommends 2 - 3 servings per day of low-fat dairy products.
D. reinforces the "five-a-day" message.

Back 34

c. recommends 2-3 servings per day of low-fat dairy products

Front 35

Water regulates body temperature through heat loss via
A. conduction.
B. radiation.
C. respiration.
D. evaporation.

Back 35

d. evaporation

Front 36

Intracellular water volume depends primarily on the concentration of
A. sodium and chloride.
B. phosphate and potassium.
C. potassium and sodium.
D. chloride and potassium.

Back 36

B. phosphate and potassium.

Front 37

1. A potential consequence of consuming individual mineral supplements is
A. lead consumption.
B. mineral toxicity.
C. impaired absorption of other minerals.
D. All of these choices are correct.

Back 37

D. All of these choices are correct.

Front 38

2. All the following are true statements regarding fat malabsorption except
A. results in decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
B. increases the risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency.
C. increases the risk of developing pellagra or beriberi.
D. increases the risk of developing rickets or osteomalacia.

Back 38

B. increases the risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency.

Front 39

3. Which of the following does not describe fat-soluble vitamins?
A. They are stored in the body
B. Excesses are excreted in the urine
C. They are transported via the bloodstream
D. They tend to exist in several biologically active forms

Back 39

B. Excesses are excreted in the urine

Front 40

5. Potassium performs all the following functions except
A. it maintains the ability to see at night.
B. it maintains fluid balance.
C. it assists nerve transmission.
D. it maintains normal heart function.

Back 40

A. it maintains the ability to see at night.

Front 41

Minerals are classified in which way?
A. Major minerals are needed in amounts of 500 mg per day or greater
B. Trace minerals are needed in amounts of 100 mg per day or less
C. Trace minerals are needed in amounts of 10 mg per day or less
D. Major minerals are needed in amounts of 200 mg per day or greater

Back 41

B. Trace minerals are needed in amounts of 100 mg per day or less

Front 42

Symptoms of dehydration include all of the following except
A. heat intolerance.
B. low blood pressure.
C. slowed heart rate.
D. dry skin.

Back 42

C. slowed heart rate.

Front 43

Which of the following foods has the highest water content?
A. Butter
B. Whole grain bread
C. Tomato
D. Sirloin steak

Back 43

C. Tomato

Front 44

10. Adult women need how much total water intake per day?
A. 1.5 liters
B. 2 liters
C. 2.7 liters
D. 3 liters

Back 44

C. 2.7 liters

Front 45

Of the following foods, which one is lowest in sodium?
a. Pepperoni pizza
b. Macaroni salad
c. Milk
d. grape juice

Back 45

d. grape juice

Front 46

4.) The ratio of sodium to chloride in table salt is
a. 30:70
b. 40:60
c. 50:50
d. 60:40

Back 46

b. 40:60

Front 47

6.) About 95% of Americans exceed the upper level for
a. water
b. sodium
c. potassium
d. calcium

Back 47

b. sodium

Front 48

Metabolic water refers to
a. rehydration beverages that contain electrolytes
b. water that is formed as a byproduct of the breakdown of macronutrients for energy
c. water that is conserved by the kidneys
d. fluids that are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

Back 48

b. water that is formed as a byproduct of the breakdown of macronutrients for energy

Front 49

8.) Which of the following is most likely to result in vitamin toxicity if consumed daily over a long period of time?
a. vitamin A supplements
b. B vitamin complex
c. fortified breakfast cereals
d. spinach, kale, and other greens

Back 49

a. vitamin A supplements

Front 50

If you wanted to add significant quantities of vitamins and minerals to your diet from the food you eat, a good choice would be a.
a doughnut made with enriched white flour
b. apple juice
c. a fortified breakfast cereal such as Total Raisin Bran
d. a banana

Back 50

c. a fortified breakfast cereal such as Total Raisin Bran

Front 51

10.) Which of the following populations is especially sodium-sensitive?
a. Caucasians
b. Asian Americans
c. African Americans
d. Native Americans

Back 51

c. African Americans

Front 52

2.) For a healthy adult, the largest percentage of daily water output is attributed to
a. feces
b. urine
c. perspiration
d. lung perspiration

Back 52

b. urine

Front 53

3.) Phosphorus deficiency is a likely result of
a. vitamin D deficiency
b. inadequate dietary phosphorus intake
c. excessive consumption of phytic acid and oxalic acid
d. compromised kidney function

Back 53

a. vitamin D deficiency

Front 54

Which of the following is true about the intake of vitamins?
a. supplemental vitamins are better than those from food
b. occasional lapses in vitamin intake should cause no harm
c. it is hard to get all the vitamins we need from food
d. vitamins consumed in excess are excreted

Back 54

b. occasional lapses in vitamin intake should cause no harm

Front 55

Which of the following foods is not a good source of potassium?
a. squash
b. 2% milk
c. whole grain pasta
d. canola oil

Back 55

d. canola oil

Front 56

1. The B vitamins generally function as
A. antioxidants.
B. coenzymes.
C. emulsifiers.
D. reducing agents.

Back 56

B. coenzymes.

Front 57

3. A potential consequence of consuming individual mineral supplements is
A. lead consumption.
B. mineral toxicity.
C. impaired absorption of other minerals.
D. All of these choices are correct.

Back 57

D. All of these choices are correct.

Front 58

Mucus, saliva, and synovial (joint) fluid exemplify water's role as a
A. lubricant.
B. solvent.
C. medium for transport.
D. All of these choices are correct.

Back 58

A. lubricant.

Front 59

Hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure at or above ___________ mm Hg.
A. 100/50
B. 120/80
C. 140/90
D. 180/100

Back 59

C. 140/90

Front 60

All the following are true statements regarding fat malabsorption except
A. results in decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
B. increases the risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency.
C. increases the risk of developing pellagra or beriberi.
D. increases the risk of developing rickets or osteomalacia.

Back 60

C. increases the risk of developing pellagra or beriberi.

Front 61

Consumption of a diet high in salt by a healthy individual will
A. cause damage to the kidneys.
B. result in edema.
C. increase fecal excretion of sodium.
D. increase urinary excretion of sodium.

Back 61

D. increase urinary excretion of sodium.

Front 62

Which of the following is not true about the regulation of fluid in the body?
A. Thirst is a reliable indicator of how much water should be consumed to replenish body fluids
B. Antidiuretic hormone is released to force the kidney to conserve water
C. There is a limit to how concentrated the kidney can make the urine
D. Even though the kidney can effectively conserve water, insensible water losses must be replenished

Back 62

A. Thirst is a reliable indicator of how much water should be consumed to replenish body fluids

Front 63

Which of the following is not commonly present in food as a food additive?
A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Potassium
D. Phosphorus

Back 63

C. Potassium

Front 64

2.The ratio of sodium to chloride in table salt is
A. 30:70
B. 40:60.
C. 50:50.
D. 60:40.

Back 64

b. 40:60

Front 65

According to the RDA, the mineral that you need in the largest amount is
A. iron.
B. iodine.
C. calcium.
D. copper.

Back 65

c. calcium

Front 66

An adult whose blood pressure is 135/88 should do all of the following except
A. increase his intake of fruits and vegetables.
B. include 2 - 3 servings per day of whole milk.
C. limit meat intake to 2 servings per day.
D. choose whole grain products rather than refined grain products.

Back 66

B. include 2 - 3 servings per day of whole milk.

Front 67

Which of the following populations is not at risk for low blood potassium?
A. Vegetarians
B. Alcoholics
C. People with eating disorders
D. People who exercise heavily

Back 67

a. vegetarians

Front 68

Of the following, the best source of potassium is
A. fresh spinach.
B. milk.
C. white bread.
D. canned tuna.

Back 68

a. fresh spinach

Front 69

Bottled water is often lower in _______________ than municipal tap water.
A. calcium
B. iron
C. fluoride
D. All of these choices are correct.

Back 69

c. fluoride

Front 70

Inadequate hydration may increase risk for
A. hyponatremia.
B. kidney stones.
C. hypertension.
D. hypokalemia.

Back 70

B. kidney stones.

Front 71

Which of the following is most likely to result in vitamin toxicity if consumed daily over a long period of time?
A. Vitamin A supplements
B. B vitamin complex
C. Fortified breakfast cereals
D. Spinach, kale, and other greens

Back 71

A. Vitamin A supplements

Front 72

Which of the following is true about the absorption, transport, and storage of fat-soluble vitamins?
A. They enter the bloodstream directly after absorption
B. Fat in the digestive contents is not important for their absorption
C. They are not stored to any great extent
D. After absorption, they are transported in the bloodstream to body cells and or stored in the liver and fatty tissue

Back 72

D. After absorption, they are transported in the bloodstream to body cells and or stored in the liver and fatty tissue

Front 73

Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?
A. Water-soluble ones are stored, whereas fat-soluble ones are excreted readily
B. Water-soluble are less likely to be toxic
C. Fat-soluble vitamins have much less potential for toxicity
D. Water-soluble vitamins are best absorbed in the presence of dietary fat

Back 73

B. Water-soluble are less likely to be toxic

Front 74

Megadoses are defined as vitamin intakes ________ times the estimated human needs to prevent a deficiency.
A. 1 to 3
B. 3 to 5
C. 2 to 10
D. 50

Back 74

C. 2 to 10

Front 75

If you wanted to add significant quantities of vitamins and minerals to your diet from the food you eat, a good choice would be
A. a doughnut made with enriched white flour.
B. apple juice.
C. a fortified breakfast cereal such as Total Raisin Bran.
D. a banana.

Back 75

C. a fortified breakfast cereal such as Total Raisin Bran.

Front 76

Joe is a wrestler and during his workouts he loses 2 pounds. How much water would he have to drink to replenish this water weight loss?
A. 2 cups B. 3 cups C. 4 cups D. 5 cups

Back 76

c. 4 cups

Front 77

All the following are true of B vitamins except
A. are water soluble. B. serve as coenzymes. C. can be lost during food processing and preparation. D. are stored in adipose tissue.

Back 77

d. are stored in adipose tissue

Front 78

Phosphorus functions include all of the following except
A. energy storage. B. component of DNA and RNA. C. bone structure. D. regulation of heart rhythm.

Back 78

d. regulation of heart rhythm

Front 79

What percentage of adults is sodium sensitive?
A. 10% - 15% B. 25% - 30% C. 45% - 50% D. 70% - 75%

Back 79

A. 10% - 15%

Front 80

Oxalic acid can inhibit the absorption of
A. vitamin A.
B. thiamin.
C. calcium.
D. protein.

Back 80

c. calcium

Front 81

Which of the following does not describe fat-soluble vitamins?
a. They are stored in the body
b. Excess are excreted in the urine
c. They are transported via bloodstream
d. They tend to exist in several biologically active forms

Back 81

b. Excess are excreted in the urine

Front 82

Aldosterone signals the kidneys to conserve
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. phosphate

Back 82

a. sodium

Front 83

6. Consumption of a diet high in salt by a healthy individual will
A. cause damage to the kidneys.
B. result in edema.
C. increase fecal excretion of sodium.
D. increase urinary excretion of sodium.

Back 83

D. increase urinary excretion of sodium.

Front 84

Which of the following is true about mineral bioavailability?
A. Minerals from plants are better absorbed than those from animal products
B. Minerals from animal products are better absorbed than those from plants
C. The trace mineral content of plants is relatively constant no matter which soil serves as the medium
D. Refining foods will increase the trace mineral content

Back 84

B. Minerals from animal products are better absorbed than those from plants

Front 85

Adult men need how much total water intake per day?
A. 2.0 liters
B. 2.7 liters
C. 3.0 liters
D. 3.7 liters

Back 85

D. 3.7 liters

Front 86

Which of the following population groups requires the least sodium?
A. adults through age 50
B. Adults age 51-70
C. Adults age 71 and older
D. Sodium requirements are the same for all adults

Back 86

C. Adults age 71 and older

Front 87

The body's need for water is approximately ___ milliliter(s) per kilocalorie.
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 0.5

Back 87

c. 1

Front 88

About 95% of Americans exceed the upper level for
A. water
B. sodium
C. potassium
D. calcium

Back 88

B. sodium