Fortified Wines

Front 1

What is a mistelle?

Back 1

A mistelle is a style of fortified wine or vins de liqueur that is produced by adding the fortifying spirit to the grape must prior to fermentation.

Front 2

What is the "lei del tergo?"

Back 2

Law of the third, which restricts port houses from selling more than one third of their inventory annually.

Front 3

What are the subregions of the Porto DOP?

Back 3

1. Cima Corgo
2. Baixo Corgo
3. Douro Superior

Front 4

What are the red grapes recommended (minimum 60% usage) for use in port?

Back 4

1. Touriga Nacional
2. Touriga Francesa
3. Tinta Roriz
4. Tinta Cão
5. Tinta Barroca
6. Tinta Amarela
7. Tinta Francisca
8. Bastardo
9. Mourisco Tinto

Front 5

What are the white grapes recommended (minimum 60% usage) for use in port?

Back 5

1. Gouveio (Spain's Godello, not Madeira's Verdelho)
2. Malvasia Fina (Boal)
3. Viosinho
4. Rabigato
5. Esgana Cão (Sercial)
6. Folgasão.

Front 6

What is the process of beneficio?

Back 6

Portuguese word for the fortification of wine with spirit.

Front 7

What is a pipe, in reference to Port?

Back 7

The traditional barrel used for aging and shipping port wine. The size used in Duoro Valley usually hold 550L.

Front 8

What are the two fundamental styles of port?

Back 8

Ruby and Tawny

Front 9

What are the different styles of Ruby Port?

Back 9

1. Ruby Port
2. Ruby Reserve Port
3. Vintage Port
4. Single Quinta Vintage Port
5. Late-Bottled Vintage Port

Front 10

What are the different styles of Tawny Port?

Back 10

1. Tawny Port
2. Reserve Tawny
3. Tawny with Indication of Age
4. Colheita Tawny

Front 11

What are the aging requirements for Colheita Tawny?

Back 11

Minimum seven years in cask

Front 12

True or False: A Tawny with Indication of Age designation such as 10 year Tawny will contain a blend of wines that has an average age of 10 years.

Back 12

False. The age indication is not an average age of the blended wines in the bottle, but rather an approximation: for example, the IVDP deems a Port labeled “10 Year Old Tawny” to taste like a 10 Year Old Tawny, regardless of the wine’s actual age.

Front 13

True or False: Madeira can only be produced on the island of Madeira.

Back 13

False. It can also be produced on the island of Porto Santo, the only other occupied island of the Madeira archipelago.

Front 14

What is a partidista in reference to Madeira?

Back 14

Those who store wine and sell it at maturity to other traders for a profit.

Front 15

Name the varietal styles of Madeira in order from driest to sweetest.

Back 15

1. Sercial (Esgana Cao)
2. Verdelho
3. Boal (Malvasia Fina/Bual)
4. Malvasia (AKA Malmsey)

Front 16

What is Tinta Negra AKA Tinta Negra Mole?

Back 16

A crossing of Pinot Noir x Grenache that accounts for 85% of Madeira production. However it is not allowed to be used as a varietal labeling because of its poor reputation.

Front 17

What are the different styles of Madeira Multi-Vintage Blends?

Back 17

1. Rainwater
2. Seleccionado
3. Reserve (Reserva)
4. Special Reserve (Reserva Especial)
5. Extra Reserve
6. 20 Years Old, 30 Years Old, Over 40 Years Old
7. Solera

Front 18

What are the different styles of Madeira with a Vintage Date?

Back 18

1. Colheita (Harvest)
2. Frasqueira
3. Vinha da Roda / Vinho da Torno / Vinho da Volta

Front 19

What is Rainwater Madeira?

Back 19

A style of Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend that likely includes 100% Tinta Negra and the youngest any wine in the blend can be is three years old. Medium dry, and light.

Front 20

What is Madeira Seleccionado?

Back 20

Often labeled "Finest", "Choice", or "Select" and includes blended wine that is between 3-5yrs of age. Like Rainwater Madeira, these wines are dominated by the Tinta Negra grape and are heated in Estufagem rather than Canteiro method and not aged in cask but rather in tank.

Front 21

What does Madeira Reserve mean?

Back 21

Madeira multi-vintage blend of between 5-10yrs of age. Still likely heated by the Estufagem method.

Front 22

What does Madeira Special Reserve mean?

Back 22

Madeira multi-vintage blend of between 10-15yrs of age. Wines of this designation (and all older ones too) will likely be a single varietal designation and use the canteiro method of heated ageing.

Front 23

What does Madeira Extra Reserve mean?

Back 23

Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend with between 15 and 20 years of age.

Front 24

What does Solera mean in reference to Madeira?

Back 24

Wines produces by both fractional blending and the Canteiro method. A maximum 10% of a solera's stock may be drawn off each year, and only 10 total additions may be made to each solera. (Not Authorized by the EU)

Front 25

What is the estufagem method?

Back 25

A heated aging process used for Madeira wine that is meant to replicate the slow heating of the wines that occurred on the ocean voyages of times past. Wine is placed in heated tanks for at least 3 months time.

Front 26

What are Armazens de Calor?

Back 26

A more delicate variation on the Estufagem process involves placing the wine in armazens de calor, rooms warmed by nearby tanks or steam pipes rather than the direct heat of the estufa.

Front 27

What are the nine towns of sherry production?

Back 27

1. Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz)
2. El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz)
3. Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz)
4. Chiclana de Frontera (Cádiz)
5. Puerto Real (Cádiz)
6. Rota (Cádiz)
7. Chipiona (Cádiz)
8. Trebujena (Cádiz)
9. Lebrija (Seville)

Front 28

The Jerez-Xérès-Sherry and Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO's are flanked by what river to its Northwest?

Back 28

Guadalquivir River

Front 29

Sherry must be matured in and shipped from what three central towns of sherry production?

Back 29

1. Jerez de la Frontera
2. El Puerto de Santa Maria
3. Sanlucar de Barrameda

Front 30

What is the difference between the Jerez-Xeres-Sherry DO and the Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO?

Back 30

The two are almost identical in production region, but Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO must be aged in the seaside town of Sanlucar de BArrameda.

Front 31

Name the three soil types in the Sherry production zone? Which produces the best sherry?

Back 31

Albariza, Barros, Arenas. Albariza, a chalky, porous, limestone-rich soil of brilliant white color, produces the best Sherry.

Front 32

What is the largest pago in Jerez?

Back 32

Macharnudo, at over 2000 acres, is the largest pago in Jerez.

Front 33

What three grapes are authorized for sherry production?

Back 33

1. Palomino (Listán)
2. Pedro Ximénez (PX)
3. Moscatel (Muscat of Alexandria).

Front 34

Name the two subvarieties of Palomino that are used in Sherry production.

Back 34

Palomino Fino & Palomino de Jerez

Front 35

What does Colheita (or Harvest) mean on Madeira labeling?

Back 35

Colheita Madeira is produced from a single vintage (85% minimum required) and is aged for a minimum 5 years prior to bottling. It may be a blend or a single varietal wine.

Front 36

What does Frasqueira mean on Madeira labeling?

Back 36

Vintage Madeira aged for a minimum 20 years in cask. Frasqueira, like Colheita, may be produced from a single variety or a blend.

Front 37

What does Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta mean on Madeira labeling?

Back 37

An exceptional rarity, wines so labeled underwent an ocean journey across the equator as wines of Madeira did in ages past.

Front 38

Name three pagos of Jerez.

Back 38

1. Macharnudo
2. Añina
3. Carrascal

Front 39

What is the name of the traditional vine training method in Jerez?

Back 39

Vara y Pulgar (Stick and Thumb). In Jerez, each vine is commonly trained in the traditional manner of vara y pulgar, in which growers prune alternate spurs each year: one year’s vara (stick) will be pruned back after harvest to become the following year’s pulgar (thumb).

Front 40

What does primera yeme refer to in Jerez?

Back 40

The free-run juice from the first pressing of the grapes.

Front 41

What is the only sherry producing town that is not in the coastal province of Cadiz?

Back 41

Lebrija, which is located in the province of Seville.

Front 42

What is the IVDP?

Back 42

Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto. Government run organization overseeing the production, promotion, and trade of all Douro e Porto wines.

Front 43

What is the lei del tergo?

Back 43

Restricts port houses from selling more than one third of their total inventory each year.

Front 44

What is the beneficio authorization in Porto? What is beneficio?

Back 44

The IVDP grants each producer a beneficio authorization telling it the maximum amount of wines it may fortify in a given year. "Beneficio" is the term for the fortification of wine with spirit in Portugal.

Front 45

What are lagares?

Back 45

The open cement troughs in which newly harvested grapes would be trodden to crush them and ferment them.

Front 46

What is the minimum ABV of port?

Back 46

19-22%

Front 47

What styles of port can be produced?

Back 47

Red, white, and rosé

Front 48

On what style of port would you find the label term "Envelhicido em garrafa"?

Back 48

LBV ports. After the mandatory 4yrs of cask aging, those bottlings that are aged for an additional 3yrs before release can be labelled "Envelhicido em garrafa"- bottle-matured

Front 49

Whose estate is Quinta da Cavadinha?

Back 49

Warre's

Front 50

Whose estate is Quinta de Vargellas?

Back 50

Taylor's

Front 51

Whose estate is Quinta do Bomfim?

Back 51

Dow's

Front 52

Where is Funchal?

Back 52

Madeira's capital.

Front 53

Name five Madeira producers.

Back 53

Henriques & Henriques

D'Oliveiras

Madeira Wine Company

Vinhos Berbeito

Vinhos Justino Henriques

Front 54

Sherry must be matured in and shipped from what towns?

Back 54

Sanlúcar de Barrameda

Puerto de Santa María

Jerez de lal Frontera

Front 55

What are the two winds of the Jerez-Xéréx-Sherry?

Back 55

Levant (hot wind that strains the vines) and Poniente (promotes the growth of flor)

Front 56

What are the three soil types of sherry?

Back 56

Albariza (produces best sherry)

Barros

Arenas

Front 57

Which soil type produces the best sherry?

Back 57

Albariza

Front 58

Name three pagos of Jerez.

Back 58

Macharnudo.

Añina

Carrascal

Front 59

What is the largest pago in Jerez?

Back 59

Macharnudo. Over 2000acres

Front 60

What are the two clones of Palomino encounted in Jerez? Which is more prized for quality?

Back 60

Palomino de Jerez

Palomino Fino (Better Quality)

Front 61

What is the soleo process in sherry?

Back 61

Sun-drying grapes. Usually done for Moscatel and Pedro-Ximenez. Rarely more than 24hrs.