Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Tissues obtained from organs |
POST MORTEM |
|
|
Simulation of Symptoms on living animals. |
EXPERIMENTAL |
|
|
The treatment on poison depends on... |
SWALLOWED INHALED ADMINISTERED |
|
|
Contacting them is the first step. |
POISON CONTROL CENTER HOSPITAL EMERGENCY ROOM |
|
|
Having this will help deal with the situation |
KNOWLEDGE |
|
|
Type of poison where inducing vomiting is encourage for conscious |
PLANT POISON |
|
|
Do not induce vomiting for... |
UNCONSCIOUS |
|
|
Syrup induced to vomit, over the counter product |
IPECAC |
|
|
For acids, _____, the patient should not vomit. |
ALKALI AND PETROLEUM |
|
|
They can burn esophagus when vomited. |
ACID AND ALKALI |
|
|
____ can be inhalrled into the lungs and result to ___. |
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS // ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA |
|
|
Doctors administer this to counteract poison. |
ANTIDOTE |
|
|
Pumping and Evacuating on stomach. |
INTRAVENOUS FLUID MECHANICAL VENTILATION |
|
|
We need to perform this in Acids, Alkali, Petroleum Products. No vomit. |
GASTRIC LAVAGE |
|
|
In food, vomit using... |
EMETIC |
|
|
In food, evacuation through... |
ALIMENTARY CANAL |
|
|
In food, administer precipitant through... |
MEDICAL INTERVENTION |
|
|
Intervention on Bites and Stings |
ANTI VENOM TROPICAL ANTI INFLAMMATORY AGENT ANTI HISTAMINE ANALGESIC |
|
|
Intervention on Inhaled Poison |
REMOVE SOURCE OF POISON ADMINISTER OXYGEN CASE SPECIFIC |
|
|
Evidenced in Toxicological Examination |
URINE BLOOD HAIR ORAL FLUID OTHER BODILY FLUIDS AND ORGANS OTHER ORGANISMS |
|
|
It can be obtained by drawing from bladder of victim. |
URINE |
|
|
If the victim is alive, urine is collected thru ___ provided by ___. |
CLEAN SAMPLE BOTTLE // TECHNICIAN, HOSPITAL, INDIVIDUAL |
|
|
It is approximately 10mL sufficient to screen and confirm most common substances. Provides profile on toxicologists |
BLOOD |
|
|
The darker the hair, the more drug will be found. T/F |
TRUE |
|
|
Chemical may be transfered to growing hair, and stored in FOLLICLE, providing timeline on drug interventions. |
HAIR |
|
|
Saliva |
ORAL FLUIDS |
|
|
It is the process of passing of drugs into oral fluid. |
PASSIVE DIFFUSION |
|
|
High protein in Blood = low concentraition on oral fluid. T/F |
TRUE |
|
|
It is collected during autopsy. |
OTHER BODILY FLUIDS AND ORGANS |
|
|
Thrse are useful for detecting indigested pills prior to death. |
GASTRIC CONTENTS |
|
|
Highly decomposed body, no samples available. T/F |
TRUE |
|
|
Organs used as Evidence |
BRAIN SPLEEN LIVER |
|
|
Bacteria, maggots ingested toxic substances. |
OTHER ORGANISMS. |
|
|
Process of testing poisons |
ISOLATION IDENTIFICATION |
|
|
Reduce interference from other substances |
ISOLATION |
|
|
Types of isolation |
VOLATILE NON VOLATILE METALLIC NON METALLIC |
|
|
Preliminary test to establish identity and level of poison. |
IDENTIFICATION |
|
|
Methods of testing poisons |
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY DETECTION OF METALS NON VOLATILE ORGANIC SUBSTANCES |
|
|
Used for examination of volatile organic compounds |
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY |
|
|
Body tissues suspected with metal undergoing destruction by chemical or thermal oxidation. |
DETECTION OF METALS |
|
|
Metals can be detected using. |
EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY // ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY // XRAY DIFFRACTION |
|
|
Types of Nonvolatile Organic Substances |
DRUGS POLLUTANTS PESTICIDES NATURAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRIAL COMPOUNDS |
|
|
Screening methods in Non Volatile Organic Substances |
THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IMMUNOASSAY |
|
|
Confirmatory Test on Non Volatile Organic Substances |
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROSCOPY LIQUID- LIQUID EXTRACTION SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION |
|
|
Analytical Test obtained in the victim. Careful conclusion. |
CHEMICAL |
|
|
Primary objective of Forensic Toxicology |
DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF DRUGS IN THE BODY FOR THE PURPOSE OF DETERMINING THEIR INFLUENCE ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR |
|
|
Colorless liquid dilluted with water and consumed as beverage. Oldest and most common consumed drugs in most societies. |
ALCOHOL / ETHYL ALCOHOL |
|
|
Alcohol affects the ____, particularly the ____. |
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
BRAIN |
|
|
Driving under the influence of alcohol. |
INTOXICATION |
|
|
Alcohol appears in blood within ___ |
Minutes. |
|
|
Alcohol absorption process |
STOMACH to SMALL INTESTINE to BLOOD STREAM |
|
|
It begins when the alcohol is on the maximum level. |
POST ABSORPTION PERIOD |
|
|
Factors the determine the rate at which the alcohol is absorbed. |
TIME TAKEN TO CONSUME THE DRINK ALCOHOL CONTENT AMOUNT CONSUMED FOOD PRESENT IN THE STOMACH |
|
|
Elimination of Alcohol is done through... |
OXIDATION and EXCRETION |
|
|
It takes place on the liver. |
OXIDATION |
|
|
Unchanged excreted in breath, urine, and perspiration. |
EXCRETION |
|
|
Amound of Alcohol Exhaled = Blood Concentration T/F |
TRUE |
|
|
Degree of Intoxication can be influenced by... |
BODY WEIGHT PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF FOOD TOTAL TIME TAKEN TO CONSUME ALCOHOL TYPE OF ALCOHOL CONSUMED |
|
|
Degree of Intoxication can be influenced by... |
BODY WEIGHT PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF FOOD TOTAL TIME TAKEN TO CONSUME ALCOHOL TYPE OF ALCOHOL CONSUMED |
|
|
The longer total time required for complete absorption, the lower the peak alcohol concentration. T/F |
TRUE |
|
|
Alcohol is most widely used in ___. |
WESTERN COUNTRIES |
|
|
Extend of Depression = Comcentration of Alcohol within NERVE CELLS (forebrain) T/F |
TRUE |
|
|
Alcohol affects what portions of the brain? |
CENTRAL AND REAR |
|
|
It regulates respiration and heart activity and most hesitant and last to fail. |
MEDULLA |
|
|
Mediun for circulating alcohol in the body. |
BLOOD |
|
|
Blood Alcohol Concentration = Breath Alcohol Concentration T/F |
TRUE |
|
|
___ of body volume of the body is the watery portion alcohol part of a person. |
2/3 |
|
|
The oxidation on liver begins in what percent? |
95-98% |
|
|
In the presence of ____, alcohol is converted to _______ (causes hangover) then to _____ then oxidized to _____ and ____. |
DEHYDROGENASE ACETAL DEHYDE ACETIC ACID CARBON DIOXIDE WATER |
|
|
Liver metabolize ______ drinks. ____mL up to __ ounce an hour. |
1-2 15-30 1 |
|
|
The remaining ____, is excreted thru breathing, perspiration, and urine. |
2-5% |
|
|
Alveoli Air computation |
HENRY'S LAW |
|
|
Elimination or Burn off rate |
30% |
|
|
Alcohol in Circulatory System |
ESOPHAGUS to STOMACH then 20% to STOMACH LINING then to PORTAL VEIN. 80% is absorbed in LINING OF SMALL INTESTINE. |
|
|
Alcohol absorption in the process in the main parts in circulatory system |
LIVER, HEART, LUNGS, HEART THEN ALL PARTS |
|
|
___ oxygenated is higher than ___ deoxygenated blood in alcohol absorption. |
ARTERIAL VENOUS |
|
|
Blood drawn usually comes here |
VEINS |
|
|
Process where destruction starts |
LIVER |
|
|
Air sacs where blood enters in the lungs, with oxygen |
ALVEOLI |
|
|
These are exhaled thru breathing. |
CARBON DIOXIDE adn ALCOHOL |
|
|
Closed circulatory System of humans |
HEART ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARY |
|
|
Blood with alcohol moves to ___, then pumped to ___. |
HEART LUNGS |
|
|
It is written as decimal. |
BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT |
|
|
0.03-0.12 |
EUPHORIA |
|
|
0.25-0.40 |
VOMITING LOSS OF BLADDER CONTROL |
|
|
0.35-0.50 |
CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IMPAIRMENT COMA |
|
|
0.40 AND UP |
COMA AND DEATH |
|
|
0.01-0.05 |
SUBCLINICAL |
|
|
0.09-0.25 |
EXCITEMENT |
|
|
0.18-0.30 |
CONFUSION |
|
|
0.25-0.40 |
STUPOR |
|
|
0.45+ |
DEATH |
|
|
BAC is greater than 0.08 |
DRUNK DRIVING |
|
|
Drivers with license are cinsenting to be tested for BAC if there's probable cause. |
IMPLIED CONSENT |
|
|
Breathalyzer test is widely used until |
1990 |
|
|
Breathalyzer test is a device to collect and measure alcohol content from... |
ALVEOLAR BREATH |
|
|
90% of alcohol is processed in... |
LIVER |
|
|
10% of alcohol is processed by |
BREATH, URINE, AND PERSPIRATION |
|
|
Breath gedt, measures the amount of alcohol exhaled in air |
BREATHALYZER |
|
|
Amount of alcohol in breath is ___ the amount of blood. |
1/2100 |
|
|
Percentage of Potassium Dichromate and Silver Nitrate |
0.025% |
|
|
This measures the absorption of light passing thru the Dicrhomate solution in single wavelength. |
SPECTROPHOTOMETER |
|
|
Yellow i color and absorbs visible light. |
POTASSIUM DICHROMATE |
|
|
Indirectly determines quantity of alcohol |
BREATHALYZER |
|
|
Minimize operwtion error and face of chemical reagents. Operates in infrared light absorption. |
INFRARED |
|
|
Use filter selected to a wavelength at which alcohol is absorbed. |
INFRARED LIGHT ABSORPTION |
|
|
This measures the intensity of light on alcohol concentration |
PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR |
|
|
It is proportional to concentration of alcohol oresent in breath sample. |
INFRARED LIGHT SIGNAL |
|
|
Used to check for acetone and interferant. |
SECOND SIMULTANEOUS INFRARED WAVELENGTH |
|
|
Comverts a fuel and oxidant into electrical current. |
FUEL CELL |
|
|
Breath alcohol |
FUEL |
|
|
Atmospheric oxygen |
OXIDANT |
|
|
Alcohol is converted into ____ wiyhin fuel cell which generates current. |
ACIDIC ACID |
|
|
It reduces operator error and orovides permanent printout record. |
MICROPROCESSOR |
|
|
They utilize this for sample's to be administered from deep long breath. |
SLOPE DETECTOR |
|
|
These are performed to ascertain the degree of suspect's physical impairment. |
FIELD SOBRIETY TEST |
|
|
Roadside Breath Test |
PRELIMINARY AND NON EVIDENTIAL PROBABLE CAUSE OF LATER TEST |
|
|
Involuntary jerking of eye due to intoxication. |
HORIZONTAL GAZE NYSTAGMUS |
|
|
BAC on .10%, eye is on ___ angle. |
45 degrees |
|
|
Ability to comprehend and carry more than 2 instructions.
Decreases with increasing consumption of alcohol. |
WALK AND TURN |
|
|
Divided attention tasks |
ONE LEG STAND WALK AND TURN |
|
|
Compares resultant alcohol peak area with known blood-alcohol standards. Can be calculated with high degree of accuracy. Separated from other bolatiles in blood. |
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY |
|
|
NAAD |
Nicotine-Amide-Adenine-Dinucleotide |
|
|
Oxidation on Gas Chromatography |
NAD to NADH |
|
|
With the presence of alcohol _______, oxidation of alcohol is to _____. |
DEHYDROGENASE ACETALDEHYDE |
|
|
Evidences must be drawn under... |
MEDICALLY ACCEPTED CONDITIONS |
|
|
In collecting evidences use... |
STERILE NEEDLE or LANCET |
|
|
Non alcoholic disinfectants |
AQUEOUS BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE (zepiran) AQUEOUS MERCURIE CHLORIDE PROVIDONE-IODINE (betadine) |
|
|
It must be placed in a _____ place / condition. |
REFRIGERATED |
|
|
To preserve in an airtight container it must have... |
ANTI COAGULANT (Potassium Oxalate) SODIUM FLOURIDE |
|
|
If failed procedures, |
BAC decreases and never increases |
|
|
Collect ___ and ____ for both do not suffer from post mortem ethy alcohol production to any extent. |
URINE VITREOUS HUMOR FLUIDS |
|
|
All alcohols are toxic to the body. T/F |
TRUE |
|
|
Consumption can lead to liver damage... |
CIRRHOSIS |
|
|
Chronic Alcohol Abuse |
KORSAKOFF'S SYNDROME |
|
|
Never consume alcohol while taking drugs with a ____. |
SEDATIVE EFFECT |
|
|
Clear volatile liquid soluble in water and has characteristic taste. CNS depressanr and depress brain function. |
ETHANOL |
|
|
Average body water amount of men. |
68% |
|
|
Average body water amount of women. |
55% |
|
|
Adverse health effects. |
10% |
|
|
Percentage of higher mortality rates. |
6 / MORE DRINKS PER DAY |
|
|
Impairment in human performance. |
ETHANOL IN BLOOD |
|
|
___ is a product of ___ that yeast or sugars found in ___ |
ETHANOL FERMENTATION FRUITS AND GRAINS |
|
|
___ is a class of organic chemicals with _____ on Hydrocarbon chain of molecule. |
ALCOHOL HYDROXYL GROUPS |
|
|
Commonly encountered alcohols |
METHANOL ISOPROPANOL |
|
|
Legally intoxicted percentage |
0.08% BAC |
|
|
Impaired intoxicated percentage. |
0.05% BAC |
|
|
Factors that alter the rates of ABSORPTION, DISTIRBUTION, METABOLISM, and EXCERTION of Ethanol and its interpreting BAC levels. |
AGES GENDER RACE BMI OTHER DRUGS BEVERAGE TYPE FOOD GENETICS HEALTH STATUS |
|
|
Ethanol is distributed via ___ to other ___. |
BLOOD TISSUES |
|
|
Greater water content = Greater ethanol Concentration T/F |
TRUE |
|
|
Multifaceted process that requires hand-eye coordimation, psychomotor function, muscle control, and cognitive function. |
DRIVING |
|
|
Causes a slowing of NERVE CONDUCTION |
ALCOHOL |
|
|
Detrimental effecys on reaction time. |
0.07g/dL |
|
|
Crash risk |
ABOVE 0.04g/dL |
|
|
BAC of 0.08g/dL and above |
FIELD SOBRIETY TESTING |
|
|
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus is better than Walk and Turn and One Leg Stand. T/F |
TRUE |
|
|
Effects when Start drinking alcohol |
MORE TALKATIVE SOCIAL INCREASED SELF-CONFIDENCE |
|
|
Damage to Organs by alcohol |
BRAIN DAMAGE LIVER DISEASE HEART DISEASE STROKE ORAL, LUNG, LIVER CANCERS |
|
|
Lessening of effectiveness of drug after used. |
TOLERANCE |
|
|
Drug is metabolized and inavtivated at a faster rate. |
METABOLIC TOLERANCE |
|
|
Actual change in person's sensitivity. |
FUNCTIONAL TOLERANCE |
|
|
Early blood alcohol testing. |
DISTILLATION METHODS OXIDATION TITRATION |
|
|
Biological specimen of choice for measuring alcohol concentration. |
BREATH |
|
|
Most common forensic analysis in drunk driving enforcement. |
BREATH ALCOHOL ANALYSIS |
|
|
Major analyze in postmortem forensic determination. |
ETHANOL |
|
|
Developed 1st forensic breath alcohol instrument |
ROLLA HARGER |
|
|
Balloon blowing in 1938 |
DRUNK-O-METER |
|
|
Colorimetric technique ; 1950s |
BREATHALYZER |
|
|
Compound formed from a minor metabolic pathway of ethanol. |
ETHYL GLUCURONIDE |
|
|
Usual specimen for postmortem ethanol analysis |
BLOOD |
|
|
This where they prefer to get blood.. |
FEMORAL VEIN |
|
|
In some cases, onliy when crime has large amount of glucose and has UTI. |
POSTMORTEM ACIDIC PRODUCTION |
|
|
Common Symptoms Evidences |
Vomiting Convulsion Delirium Coma Slow or Rapid Respiration General or Partial Analysis |
