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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Criminalistics
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The examination of physical evidence.
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Evidence
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Anything that tends to establish or disprove a fact. Evidence can include testimony, documents, and other objects.
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Ballistics
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The science that deals with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, most often firearms and bullets.
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Odontology
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In forensics, examination of bite marks and dental identification of corpses.
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Pathology
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Investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death.
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Entomology
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The study of insects.
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Palynology
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The study of pollen and spores.
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Polygraphy
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The use of the "lie detector".
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Statutory Law
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Legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something.
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Common Law or Case Law
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The body of law made up of judicial opinions and precedents.
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Stare decisis
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"To stand by the decision," meaning previous legal decisions are to be followed.
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Civil Law
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Law that deals with noncriminal suits brought to protect or preserve a civil or private right or matter.
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Criminal Law
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Regulation and enforcement of rights, setting the acceptable limits of conduct in society.
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Misdemeanor
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A minor crime, less than a felony, usually punished with a fine or confinement other than in a prison.
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Felony
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A serious crime, such as murder, punishable by more than one year of imprisonment up to execution.
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Probably Cause
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Situation in which a reasonable and prudent person, viewing the available information, would conclude that a crime has been committed and that the suspect committed it.
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Violation
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A breach of a right, duty, or law.
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Infraction
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Violation of a rule or law that is not punishable by prison.
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Elements
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In criminal law, the specific factors or parts of a crime.
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Booking
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A police procedure following arrest that records basic information about the suspect, a photograph, and fingerprints, and perhaps includes a lineup.
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Miranda rights
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Rights guaranteed by the Constitution that police must tell arrestees about, especially the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.
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Arraignment
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The first act in a criminal proceeding, where the defendant is brought before the court to hear charges and enter a plea.
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Bail
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Money put up to guarantee that the defendant will appear in court as directed.
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