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137 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Which physical state has volume but no specific shape?
Liquid
which of the following is NOT part of a simple spectrophotometer
momochromator
ccd detector
sample cell
column
radiation osurce
column
the photons of which source have the least amount of energry?
radio waves
organic chemistry is the study of compounds based on....
Carbon
Sublimation is defines as a charges state from ____ to ____
solid to gas
a length of a packed column is _____than a capillary tube.
shorter
Spectrophotometry utilizes which light source?
Visible
infrared
UV
A qualitative test will reveal the .....
identity of a material
which absorption spectrum is equivalent to a fingerprint of a substance?
IR
TLLC uses _____ as its moving (mobile) stage
liquid
Gas chromatography suffers a big drawback in that it does not produce specific indentification. This problem is overcome by connecting the GC to a ____.
MS (confirmatory test)
Which chromatographic process is used to analyze organic explosives and heat sensitive drugs?
HPLC (room temp)
The attraction between the molecules of a gas is ______the attraction between the molecules of a liquid.
less than
Gas chromatography separates mixtures on the basis of their distribution between a
moving gas phase and stationary solid phase.
Name three forms or states of matter and explain how the shape and volume of matter are expressed in each state,
solid liquid gas
describe the difference between qulaitative and quantitative determination
qualitative is determining the identity of a substance such as it is quanine and heroin qunatitaive is determining the percentage of each substance such as there is 10% quinine and 90% heroin
What two models do scientists use to explaine the nature of light?
Under what condition does each model best describe the behavior of light?
Continuous WAVE FUNCTION- when light is moving freely
PHOTONS- when light is being absorbed by something
What are the main strengths and weaknesses of ultra violet spectrophotometry?
Strengths- simple way to determine a possible identity, good test
Weakness- not confirmatory, not definitive because other substances can have that same mass absorption, you need IR or GC to confirm the test
You can't take it to court
What is the greatest drawback to spectrophotmetry? What technique is often employed when spectophotometry cannot be used?
Drawback: substance has to be PURE
If the substance is not PURE and it is a mixture then you can use chromotography to separate the mixtures out.
What percentage of evidence in the crime lab that is drug test related?
75%
Which barbiturate is absorbed more slowly than other?
PHENObarbital
Which physical symptom is part of the abstinence syndrome? (5)
body chills
convulsions
stomach cramps
vomiting
hallucinations
The Van Urk reagent was used to test a sample and it turned bluish- purple. This indicates that there is a precence of.....
LSD
Which technique allows for both separation and specific identification of a questioned mixture of substances?
GC/MS
The administration of which drug eliminates an addicts desire for herion?
Mehtadone
The ability to make a positive identification of a drug using UV spectrophotometry is ______the ability to make a positive identification using IR spectrophtometry.
LESS THAN
Which is the most widely used and abused drug
alcohol
The Dillie-Koppanyi reagent is useful in screening for...
barbiturates
The most difficult drug addiction to overcome is
Crack cocaine
Which is true of the use of anti-anxiety drugs?
The reduce tension
Pot has potential use in which medical applicationa?
glaucoma
lessening nausea by anti cancer drugs
muscle relaxant
Which part of cannabis contains the least THC?
Seeds
Drugs deemed to have the highest potential for abuse and having a current medical use are listed in which schedule of the Controlled Substances Act?
II
The reagent used for the field test of heroin is
Marquis test
What classification of drugs is cocaine listed?
Narcotics
wrong
opposite
What opium derivative is most widely used by addicts?
Herion
What is the most widely used illicit drug in the US?
What calss of drugs is it listed under?
POT
Hallucinogen
On what three criteria does the Controlled Substance Act classify dangerous substances?
Potential for abuse
potential for psychological and physical dependence
Potential for medical useage
Name the two most commonly abused illegal stimulants and the smokeable forms of each.
Crack cocaine
Amphetamine
The exchange of evidence principle was developed by....
Locard
The concept of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to the....
Frye Standard
What is the LEAST important consideration in the gathering of evidence of a crime scene?
guilt of suspects
As the post mortem interval increases, the concentration of potassium in the viteous humor of the eye
DECREASES
Rigor mortis refers to the
STIFFNESS of death
The freezing point of water Fahrenheit is ___the freezing point of water in Celsius
Greater than
The _____ unit applies principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime scene evidence.
Physical science
Who established the compariosn microscope as the indispensable tool of the modern firearms?
GODDARD
Which of the following can be rightfully cited as an explanation for the rapid growth of crime labs during the last 25 years? (4)
DNA profiling
increase in crime rates
increase in drug related arrests
supreme court decisions in 1960s
What part of the decedent's body resists rapid decomposition and is used by forensic anthropologists to provide information about the decent?
BONES
if glass cannot be physically pieced back together than the control and question glass are best compared as to their
refractive index and DENSITY
In the case Daubert v. Merrel Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc. the Supreme Court advocated that a gatekeepter determine the admissibly and reliability of scientific evidence. This gatekeeper is the....
Trial judge.
Which would not be included in the work of the biology unit of a crime lab
dna
blood typing
semen stains
fingerprint
hair comparision
fingerprintss
the basic metric unit for length is the....
meter
the rate of cooling of a dead body can be influenced by all but the...
weather conditions
exposure to direct sunlight
gender of the victim
size of the body
location
gender of the victim
Which entity maintains the largest crime lab in the world?
FBI
The density of water at 60 degrees is ____ the desnisty of water at 28 degrees
LESS THAN
All of the following items may be placed in an air tight container except
charrd debris from a fire
glass
bloodstained clothing
explosives
hairs
bloodstained clothing
Who wrote the first treatise describing the application of science to the field of criminal investigation?
GROSS
the purpose of the crime scene search is to locate
all physical evidence
a piece of glass is immersed in a liquid. it proceeds to float on the liquid's surface. This shows that the density of the glass is _____ the dentistry of the liquid.
less than
Police barricades, and the strategic postioning of guards, will porhibit access to the crime scene for....
All unauthorized personnel
The fracture pattern of glass usually has....
radical concentric lines
The successful outcome of a criminal investigation is alsmost always directly realted to ,"",,"",,
the manner in which the evidence is collected and preserved
Which of the following items is likely to contain DNA evidence
glass fragment
blue rug fiber
bed sheet
self adhesive mailing stamp
bed sheet
The crime scene notes must accurately record (3)
tasks assigned to each investigator
descriptions of evidene present at the crime scene
personnel arrivals and departures from the scene.
Tempered glass is used in....
The side and rear windows of auto manufactured in the USA
CAD programs enhance the ability to...
produce a finished crime scene sketch
the collection of standard reference samples at the crime scene is important becuase they...
Permit comparisons to be made with evidence
evidence of tampering with the position of a body after death can be obtained by evaluating the....
livor mortis
which is NOT an intensive property if matter?
temp
refractive index
density
weight
all of the above
weight
Pyrex glass is made with
the addition of boron oxide
the stage fusion of various bones within a skeleton can be used to estimate the ________of the decedent
age
Which type of evidence must be packages spereately from other evidence
ALL evidence
A _______property describes the behavior of a substance without reference to any other substances while a _________property describes the behavior of a substance when it reacts or combines with another substance.
Physical
Chemical
One mililiter of a liquid is ___ 1cc if the same liquid
the same as
What is the main ingerdiant in ordinary glass?
SAND
Charrd debris from an arsen scene should be
packaged in an air tight container
Why is mathieu Orfila considered the father of forensic toxicology?
Was the very first person to discover the effects of posion by testing the different poisions on animals.
Explain the product rule and how it can be used to determine whether two blood samples come from the same source.
The product rule is multiplication of the percentages of blood type and special blood DNA traits a prson might have. It can be used to determine wheather teo blood samples come from the same source if they add up to be the same number. An example would be a person has a bolld type A that is 26% of the population. A person could also have a rare form of blood substances that only 2% of the population have and another blood symptopm that 50% of the population has. Multiply .26x.02x.50= 0.0026
Why is the metric system of measurement easier to use the the english system? Also list the basic units of length, mass and volume in the metric system
metric system is more simplified
length= meter
mass=grams
volume=liters
What important principle was established in the case Frye v. US
the admissability of scientific evidence must be generally accepted by a scientific community
What are the basic duties of the physical science unit in a crime lab?
compare substances and samples
identify substances and samples and try to find matches
What are three examples of the type of work preformed by a physical science unit?
Drug analyisis
paint samples
soil, mineral samples
What is density?
Density is a unit mass divided by unit volume.It is how dence an object or substance is.
How does heat affect the density of gases and liquids?
it can make them more or less dense or stay the same. For examples, heating a liquid with a a mixture of stubtances is like cake batter will make the substances less dense.
What is a standard reference sample?
samples collected at the crime scene and from the bodies of the victims.
Important because the criminologists can later compare the sample references that they may have gotten from possible suspects. If there is a match between the standard sample and the suspect sample then there is a greater chance that the suspect is guilty of the crime and can be caught.
Define idvidual characteristics
characteristics that can only be related to ONE individual.
EX. broken knife where two parts fit perfectly together
Define class charachteristics
something that can be related to a whole group of individuals
EX. blood types
What is IAFIS
Integrated automated fingerprint identification system
helps to quickly identify a person based on their fingerprint and shows their criminal history.
What is CODIS
A dna INDEX SYSTEM
purpose is to help determine the DNA evidence found at crime scenes and to compare and find matches
What is a mineral and how can minerals be important in the comparison of soil samples?
Minerals are components that are naturally made and many times found in soil.
They can be important in the comparison of soil smaples because some minerals are ONLY found in certain locations and areas. This could greatly help scientists determine where soil samples from a suspects shoe come from if they match.
Define intensive property and name two intensive properties of matter.
Intensive property is a property that can help determine what a substance is a compare it to another substance.
Two intensive properties if matter are refractive index and DENSITY.
What are the functions of a forensic scientist?
trained in law enforcement
properly collect and package evidence
maintain a proper chain of custody
higly involed in court room
have to be very prepared as an expert witness or expert testimony
study
identifying
comparing physical evidence in a crime lab
What are three chemical or physcial changes that occur in the body that help the forensic pathologist determine the time of death.
Livor mortis,
rigor mortis
ALGOR MORTIS
What is livor mortis?
the discoloration of the body in the position at the time of death.
occurs within first 24 hours
what is rigo mortis?
stiffening of the body and muscles
occurs within the first 24-36 hours after death
What is algor mortis?
drop in body temp after death. Body normally drops about 1-1.5 degress fehernheit about every hour until the body reaches room temp.
In the Primary classification System, a finger is assigned numerical value if its patter is a....
Whorl
After examining small paint chips from an auto accident scene and using the PDQ database, the crime lab worker may be able to determine the _______ ____________ ______ of the car.
year
make
model
For standard reference hair sampling from a victim, the collection of a minimum of _____ full length head hairs and _____ full length pubic hairs are recommended.
50
24
Making hair evaluations, it is best to view the hairs using a_______ microscope
Comaprison
Which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to be found impressed in soft wax?
Platic
Forcibly removed hairs are most likely to provide useful DNA evidence becuase they bear:
Follicular tissue
Crystals that are____ produce two planes of plarized light, each perpendicular to the other
Birefringment
Sublimation occurs with the use of .....
Iodine fuming
The rate of human hair growth per month is....
1cm
Physical developer contains
silver nitrate
In the examination of fibers for the purpose of ID and comarison, which step would achieve seperation of the dyes taken form the fibers
TLC
The size of the specimen area in view is known as the....
Field of view
which feature of hair is most importnant in making a species ID?
Scale pattern
The condenser of a compound microscope is located
beneath the stage
Which person attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive acid?
John Dillinger
Medullae may be classified as being (3)
continuous
fragmented
interrupted or absent
prints that are not readily visible are commonly reffered as
latent
a comparison microscope designed to examine bullets and fibers is equipped with (2)
transmitted illumination and vertical illumination
fingerprints are forms during...
fetal development
which coating applied by the manufacturer provides resistance to corrosion?
electrocoast primer
the fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5 percent of all known pattersn is the ,"",,
arch
As the magnifying power of the compound microscope increases, the depth of focus
decreaases
Chemical methods for developing latent fingerprints must be used in the following sequence:
iodine
ninhydrin
physical developer
The central canal running through the many hairs is known as the
medulla
In order to examine an opaque object with a compound microscope, one must use....
relected illumination
Size of specimen being observes
field of view
illumination of a specimen from above
vertical illumination
provides a simultaneous view of two specimens
comparison microscope
the thickness od a specimen in focus
depth of focus
illumination required to view a transparent object
transmitted illumiation
space between the specimen and the objective lens
working distance
the lower lens of a microscope positioned directly over the specimen
objective lens
image formed by the actual convergence of light rays on a scree
real image
eyepiece multiplies by objective lens
magnification
presents a distinctivw 3-d image
stereoscopic microscope
Who published the first book on science of fingerprinting?
Galton
fingerprints are individual charachteristics
unique to each person and each finger
catrgorized into Loops, whorls, or archs
what is the basic difference between a scanning electron microscope and the other microscoeps used in the crime lab?
A scanning electron mincroscope illuminates a specimen by a single beam of electrons NOT light, like other microscopes.
3 types of finger prints
latent
plastic
visible
How does one claculate the magnification of a compound microscope?
multiply the occular lens ,agnification by the objective lens magnification
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