Forensic Psychology 2

Front 1

Define Psychopathy

Back 1

Personality disorder defined by a collection of interpersonal, affective, and behavioural characteristics

Front 2

How is Psychopathy assessed? Explain the process

Back 2

Psychopathy Checklist (Revised)

20 item rating scale assessing the interpersonal, affective, and behavioural features of psychopathy. A score of 30+ equals psychopath, 20-29 equals psychopathic tendencies, and 0-19 is "normal".

Front 3

List the most common behaviour of a psychopath during an interrogation

Back 3

Tries to outwit interrogator

Being the focus of attention

Control the interrogation

Not fooled by bluffs

Attempts to shock

Front 4

List the suggestions to interview a psychopathic suspect

Back 4

Case familiarity

Convey experience and confidence

Show liking or admiration

Avoid criticism

Avoid conveying emotion

Front 5

Define an Expert Witness

Back 5

Witness who provides the court with information that assists the court in understanding an issue of relevance to the case.

Front 6

What must an expert witness know before becoming an expert witness? (3)

Back 6

The functions of an expert witness (Info and Opinion)

Differences between their field of expertise and the law

The criteria for accepting expert testimony

Front 7

Differences between Psychology and the Law: Knowledge

Back 7

Psych: Resesrch based

Law: Legal Precedent, logical, case laws

Front 8

Differences between Psychology and the Law: Methodology

Back 8

Psych: Nomothetic (Goal is to understand trends)

Law: Idiographic (Case-By-Case)

Front 9

Differences between Psychology and the Law: Epistemology

Back 9

Psych: Uncovering hidden truth (objective)

Law: Persuasion (Subjective)

Front 10

Differences between Psychology and the Law: Criteria

Back 10

Psych: Replication/Conservative

Law: Single Case/More Lenient

Front 11

Differences between Psychology and the Law: Nature of Law

Back 11

Psych: Descriptive, How people behave

Law: Prescriptive, How people should behave

Front 12

Differences between Psychology and the Law: Principles

Back 12

Psych: Alternative explanations

Law: Only one correct explanation

Front 13

Differences between Psychology and the Law: Latitude

Back 13

Psych: Limited by the court (Psychologist)

Law: Fewer restrictions (Lawyer)

Front 14

Explain the Mohan Criteria

Back 14

It is the criteria used in Canada to determine if expert witness testimony can be used in court. In order for that to happen:

-The evidence must be relevant

-Evidence must not violate any other rule of exclusion

-Testimony must be presented by a qualified expert

Front 15

What are the main Psychological factors that make eyewitnesses testimony unreliable?

Back 15

Anxiety/Stress

Presence

Suggestive Question

Misinformation Effect

Front 16

List the Stages of Memory

Back 16

Perception/Attention

Encoding

Short-Term

Long-Term

Retrieval

Front 17

Explain what the Misinformation Effect is

Back 17

Phenomenon where a witness who is presented with inaccurate info after an event will incorporate that misinformation in a subsequent recall task.

Front 18

Explanations FOR the Misinformation Effect: Misinformation Acceptance Hypothesis

Back 18

Incorrect info is provided because the witness guessed what the officer or experimenter wanted to hear (Social Desirability)

Front 19

Explanations FOR the Misinformation Effect: Source Misattribution Hypothesis

Back 19

Creation of 2 memories (Original and Misinformation), where the witness cannot remember where each memory originated or the source of each memory.

Front 20

Explanations FOR the Misinformation Effect: Memory Impairment Hypothesis

Back 20

The original memory is replaced with the new, incorrect, information. Everytime we recall info with misinformation, it becomes incorporated.

Front 21

How may the misinformation effect occur in real life?

Back 21

Detective may make assumptions of what occured, and phrase a question with their assumption

May be more than one witness, and they hear each others statements

Detective may use info from one witness to question another

Front 22

What two procedures may be used if an eyewitness has difficulty recalling what occured?

Back 22

Hypnosis, and The Cognitive Interview

Front 23

List the factors that influence whether hypnosis can be induced (4)

Back 23

Trust between Witness and Hypnotist

Witness's willingness to be hypnotized

Witness's belief in hypnosis

Serious of context for being hypnotized

Front 24

What does The Cognitive Interview (TCI) focus on?

Back 24

Memory Storage and Retrieval

Front 25

List the factors of the Original Interview of TCI (4)

Back 25

Reinstating the Context: Focus on events surrounding the crime

Reporting Everything: Everything relevant or not

Reversing Order: Go through events from end to beginning

Changing Perspective: Recall events from different perspectives

Front 26

List the factors of the Enhanced Intervire of TCI (5)

Back 26

Rapport Building: Comfortable and Supportive Environment

Supportive Interviewer Behaviour: No interruptions

Transfer of Control: Witness controls the interview

Focused Retrieval: Open-ended questions, focused memory techniques

Witness-Compatible Questioning

Front 27

Define False-Memory Syndrome

Back 27

Clients' false beliefs that they were sexually abused as children, having no memories of this abuse until they enter therapy to deal with some other psychological problem (I.e. depression)

Front 28

What criteria is taken into account to determine the veracity of a recovered memory? (Lindsay and Read, 1995) (5)

Back 28

Age of the complaint at the time of the alleged abuse

Techniques used to recover memory

Similarity of reports across interview sessions

Motivation for recall

Time elapsed since the alleged abuse