Forensic: Blood Basic Notes

Front 1

What makes up the blood in our bodies?
erythrocytes

Back 1

red blood cells
The most abundant cells in our blood; they are produce in the bone marrow and contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our cellls

Front 2

What makes up the blood in our bodies?
leukocytes

Back 2

White blood cells
They are part of the immune system and destroy pathogens

Front 3

What makes up the blood in our bodies?
plasma

Back 3

the yellowish liquid portion of blood that contains electrolytes, nutrients, and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins such as antibodies to fight infection.

Front 4

What makes up the blood in our bodies?
thrombocytes

Back 4

platelets
The clotting factors that are carried in the plasma; they clot together in a process called coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood.

Front 5

Blood facts:
How much blood does the average adult have inside of their body?
How much of their body weight does this make up?

Back 5

five liters

7-8%

Front 6

Blood facts:
This red liquid is _________ __________ that carries _________ and nutrients to all parts of the body, and carries __________ and ____________ __________ back to the lungs, kidney and liver for disposal. It also fights against __________ and helps heal ________.

Back 6

living tissue
oxygen
carbon dioxide, other waste products
infection, wounds

Front 7

Blood facts:
There are about ___ __________ red blood cells in two to three drops of blood. (sounds like a lot to your ma.) For every _____ red blood cells, there are about ___ platelets and ___ white cell.

Back 7

one billion
600
40
one

Front 8

Genetics of Blood
Your blood type is established before you are _____, by specific _____ inherited from your _____.

Back 8

born
genes
"really-good looking" parents

Front 9

Genetics of Blood
Concerning the genes you inherit: These ____ genes, well one is from your _______ and one is from your _______.

Back 9

two
mother, father

Front 10

Genetics of Blood
How do the genes you inherit from your parents determine your blood type?

Back 10

They cause proteins called agglutinogens to exist on the surface of all your red blood cells.

Front 11

What are the three alleles or genes for blood type?

Back 11

A, B, and O

Front 12

What is an alleles?

Back 12

There are three, the are the genes for blood type.

Front 13

What are the four types of blood? give genotypes for each

Back 13

Type A = AA AO
Type B = BB BO
Type AB = AB
Type ) = OO

Front 14

How common are the four blood types?

Back 14

A = 38.8
B = 11.1
AB = 3.9
0 - 46.1

Front 15

Blood Transfusions

What blood type is known as the universal donor

Back 15

type O

Front 16

Blood Transfusions
What blood type is known as the Universal Recipient?"

Back 16

Type AB

Front 17

Complete the diagram:

Back 17

top = type O
left = B
right = A
bottom = AB

Front 18

Complete this statement: A person with Rh+ blood may receive blood that is ____ or ____. A person with Rh- blood, however, can only receive _____ blood

Back 18

RH+ blood gets + and -
RH- blood gets only -

Front 19

RH (Rhesus) Factors

What animal helps scientists discover Rh proteins in blood?

Back 19

Rhesus monkey

Front 20

RH (Rhesus) Factors
If someone has the Rh protein, they are said to have Rh ______ blood. If someone does not have this ________ they have Rh- blood.

Back 20

+

protein

Front 21

How can blood be used as evidence in a crime?
Blood samples -

Back 21

Can be analyzed to determine BLOOD TYPE and DNA, which can be matched to possible suspects.

Front 22

How can blood be used as evidence in a crime?
BLOOD DROPLETS

Back 22

Can be analyzed to give clues to the location of a CRIME, MOVEMENT of a SUSPECT, and type of WEAPON

Front 23

How can blood be used as evidence in a crime?
BLOOD SPATTER

Back 23

Can be analyzed to determine PATTERNS that give investigators clues to how a crime might have happened.

Front 24

BPA

Back 24

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

Front 25

What can an investigator learn from the analysis of a blood spatter?

Type and velocity

Back 25

of a weapon

Front 26

What can an investigator learn from the analysis of a blood spatter?

Number of ...

Back 26

blows

Front 27

What can an investigator learn from the analysis of a blood spatter?

Handedness of assailant...

Back 27

right or left handed

Front 28

What can an investigator learn from the analysis of a blood spatter?

__________ and __________ of the victim and assailant during and after the attack

Back 28

position and movements

Front 29

What can an investigator learn from the analysis of a blood spatter?

Which ________ were inflicted first

Back 29

wounds

Front 30

What can an investigator learn from the analysis of a blood spatter?

Type of .....

Back 30

injuries

Front 31

What can an investigator learn from the analysis of a blood spatter?

How long ago...

Back 31

the crime was committed

Front 32

What can an investigator learn from the analysis of a blood spatter?

Whether _________ death was immediate or delayed

Back 32

immediate

Front 33

What are several methods for detecting traces of blood at a crime scene?

Back 33

Physical examination and light sources, blood reagent tests, luminol, fluorescein, LCU-Leuco crystal violet

Front 34

Identify these terms associated with bloodstain pattern analysis.

bloodstains created from the application of force to the area where the blood originated

Back 34

spatter

Front 35

Identify these terms associated with bloodstain pattern analysis.

the place from where the blood spatter came from or originated

Back 35

origin

Front 36

Identify these terms associated with bloodstain pattern analysis.

the angle at which a blood droplet strikes a surface

Back 36

angle of impact

Front 37

the droplet from which a satellite spatter originates

Back 37

parent drop

Front 38

Identify these terms associated with bloodstain pattern analysis.

small drops of blood that break off the parent spatter when the blood hits a surface

Back 38

satellite spatters

Front 39

Identify these terms associated with bloodstain pattern analysis.

the pointed edges of a stain that radiate out form the spatter; can help determine the direction from which the blood traveled

Back 39

spines

Front 40

What are the basic types of bloodstain patterns?

Patterns created from the force of GRAVITY.
Drop, series of drops, FLOW patterns, blood POOLS, etc.

Back 40

Passive bloodstains

Front 41

What are the basic types of bloodstain patterns?

projected bloodstains

-Patterns that occur when a ______ is applied to the ____ of the blood.
-Includes low, medium, or high ______ spatters, cast-off ______ spurting, _______ blood blown out of the nose, mouth, or wound.

Back 41

force, source
impact
arterial
expiratory

Front 42

What are the basic types of bloodstain patterns?

Transfer or contact bloodstains
--The pattern created when a wet, bloody object comes in _______ with a target surface; may be used to identify and ______ or body ______.
-________ pattern from an object moving through a bloodstain or _______ pattern from an object leaving a bloodstain.

Back 42

contact
object, part
wipe, swipe