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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skeletal System Includes -------,--------, and ------. Adult skeleton has -----------. ---------- ---------- in immature skeletons. |
bones, cartilage, and ligaments about 206 many more in immature skeletons |
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Divisions of Skeleton (2) |
Cranial vs. Postcranial Axial vs. Appendicular |
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Functions of Bone (5) |
Protection of internal organs Support Structure Provide leverage for muscles Mineral storage Hematopoiesis |
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Composition of Bone |
Organic -cells (osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts), collagen fibers, ground substance Inorganic-65% of mass -Hydroxyapitate (mineral salts) calcium phosphates |
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Bone Structure (6) |
Diaphysis (shaft) Epiphysis Periosteum Endosteum Articular Cartilage Red/Yellow Marrow |
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Diaphysis (Shaft) |
Thick collar of compact bone Medullary cavity Yellow and red marrow |
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Epiphysis |
End of the bones Compact bone encapsulating spongy Hemopoiesis |
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Periosteum |
Covering of the Diaphysis
Double-Layered Membrane |
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Endosteum |
Lines the medullary cavity
Double-layered membrane |
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Articular cartilage |
Found where the bones meet
Replaces of periosteum |
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Red/Yellow Marrow |
Hematopoietic tissue
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Types of Osseous Tissue (2) |
Compact- Dense and homogeneous Spongy- Projections called trabeculae |
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Types of Bones (4) |
Long Bones Short Bones Flat Bones Irregular |
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Long Bones |
Shaft w/ 2 ends Primarily compact bone (limbs[except for patella and wrist]) |
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Short Bones |
Cube-like bones
Mostly spongy(patella, carpals, tarsals) |
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Flat Bones |
Thin, flattened, usually curved
parallel layers of compact bone w/ spongy in between ("sandwiched") (Sternum, skull, ribs) |
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Irregular Bones |
Mainly spongy w/ 2 layers of compact (vertebrae, skull, hips) |
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Bones of the Skull |
Consists of 22 bones 14 facial bones (Splanchnocranium): form the face |
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Neurocranium (8) |
Also called the brain case, encloses and protects the brain, consists of: Frontal Parietal (2) Temporal (2) Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid |
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Sutures (6) |
Coronal( frontal) Sagittal Squamousal Lambdoidal Metopic Basilar |
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Coronal Suture |
Anterior suture, separates frontal bone from parietals |
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Sagittal suture |
Midline articulation of the two parietals
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Lambdoidal Suture
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Seperates the occipital bone from the parietals
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Squamousal Suture
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Articulation between the temporal and parietal bones |
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Basilar Suture
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Extends upwards from the foramen magnum
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Metopic Suture |
Sagittal suture on frontal bone usually disappears by ages 7-8 8% of adults still have visible remnant |
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Frontal (4) |
Supraorbital margin Supraorbital tori Glabella Frontal sinus |
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Supraorbital Margin |
Rim of bone that outlines the upper margin of the orbits |
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Supraorbital tori (arch) |
Arch of bone above orbits (variably expressed)
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Glabella
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Smooth, generally hairless area between the suprao. arch
*latin for "smooth and hairless |
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Frontal sinus |
Develops in adolescence, posterior to superciliary arches -air filled chambers allow for vocal resonance, opens into nasal cavity |
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Parietals (3) |
Bregma Parietal eminences (bosses) Meningeal vessel impressions |
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Bregma |
Intersection of coronal and sagittal sutures (landmark) |
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Parietal Eminences (bosses) |
lateral "bulges-useful in determining sex |
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Meningeal vessel impressions |
impressions across parietals |
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Temporals (5) |
External Auditory meatus Mandibular (glenoid) fossa Squamous portion Mastoid process Petrous portion |
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External Auditory Meatus |
Small canal for auditory purpose |
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Mandibular (glenoid) fossa |
depressed area that articulates with mandible |
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Squamous portion |
inner, large depressed area above internal acoustic canal |
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Mastoid Process |
Bony prominence, end of "jawline" |
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Petrous Portion |
contains hearing and equilibrium receptors |
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Ear Ossicles (3) |
Incus Malleus Stapes Transmit sound waves from tympanic membrane to the oval window |
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Incus |
Inner bone between stapes and malleus (metal) |
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Malleus |
Outer of the ear ossicles (hammer) |
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Stapes
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most inner of the ear ossicles (anvil) |
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Occipital (5) |
Foramen Magnum Occipital condyles External occipital protuberance Nuchal lines Wormian bones |
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Foramen Magnum |
Allowspassage of the spinal cord from the brain |
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Occipital condyles |
Area of articulation between cranium and1stcervical vert.
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External occipital protuberance |
Prominent bump on the back ofskull
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Nuchal Lines |
Sites of neck muscle attachments |
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Wormian Bones |
Extra pieces of bone between sutures |
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Sphenoid (5) |
Sella Turcica Greater Wing Lesser wing Foramen ovale foramen rotundum |
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Sella Turcica |
the saddle of the "moth" |
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Greater wing |
Wing of the "moth" |
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Lesser wing |
Antenna of the "moth" |
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Foramen ovale |
holes in back, "footholds" |
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Foramen rotundum |
"rein" attachments at base of greater wings |
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Ethmoid (3) |
Crista gali perpendicular plate superior and middle nasal concha |
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Crista Gali |
perpendicular projection of bone superior to ethmoid |
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Perpendicular plate |
Divider between ethmoid
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Superior and middle nasal concha |
"flaps" below ethmoid |
