Forearm And Hand (Lecom)

Front 1

Label A-E

Back 1

A- styloid process

B-Radius

C- Radial tuberosity

D-Neck of radius

E- Articular surface, head

Front 2

Label F-K

Back 2

F-Olecranon

G- troclear notch

H- coronoid process

I-Radial Notch

J-Ulna

K-Interosseus membrane

Front 3

Label L-N

Back 3

L-Head of ulna

M- Styloid process

N-Distal Radialulnar joint

Front 4

Epicondylitis

Back 4

Injury and inflammation at the musculotendinous unit that attaches to the humerus epicondyles. Occurs due to strain and overuse,

~Lateral epicondylitis- "tennis elbow"- common extensor tendon

~Medial epicondylitis-"golfer elbow" common flexor tendon

Front 5

Anterior compartment of the forearm

Back 5

8 muscles,

Arise via a common tendonous attachment at the medial epicondyle.

Mostly innervated by the median nerve

Flexors and pronators

Front 6

Posterior compartment of the forearm

Back 6

6 muscles

Arise from a common tendon at the medial epicondyle

All innervated by the radial nerve

Extensors and supinators

Front 7

Pronator teres

Back 7

Proximal attachment- medial epicondyle

Distal Attachment lateral surface of radius

Innervation- median nerve

Action- pronates forearm

Front 8

Back 8

Pronator teres

Front 9

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 9

Proximal attachment- medial epicondyle

Distal attachment-Base of metatarsals 2 and 3

Innervation-median nerve

Action- Flexes and abducts the wrist

Front 10

Back 10

Flexor carpi radialis

Front 11

Palmeris Longus

Back 11

Proximal attachment- medial epicondyle

Distal attachment- Palmar aponeuresis

Innervation-median nerve

Action-flexes and adducts the wrist

Front 12

Back 12

Palmeris longus

Front 13

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 13

Proximal attachment-medial epicondyle and ulna

Distal attachment -pisiform bone

Innervation- Ulnar nerve

Action- flexes and adducts the wrist

Front 14

4 muscles of the superficial anterior forearm

(Pass, Fail, Pass, Fail)

Back 14

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexer carpi ulnaris

Front 15

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

Back 15

Proximal attachment- humoroulnar head, and radial head

Distal attachment- base of middle phalanges on digits 2-5

Innervation- medial nerve

Action- flexes the PIP and MCP digits. Flexes wrist. (bye-bye wave)

Forms 4 tendons that pass through carpal tunnel

Front 16

Back 16

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Front 17

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

Back 17

Proximal attachment- anterior and medial ulna, interosseous membrane

Distal attachment- bases of the distal phalanx of 2-5

Innervation- medial half is ulnar nerve, lateral half is median nerve

Action-flexes DIP, PIP, MCP and wrist

tendons pass through carpal tunnel deep to FDS

Front 18

Muscle of the intermediate anterior forearm

Back 18

Flexor digitorum superficailis

Front 19

What muscles flex DIP joints?

Back 19

Flexor digitorum profudus is the only muscle that can flex DIP joints of 2nd to 5th digits.

Front 20

Flexor pollices longus (FPL)

Back 20

Proximal attachment-Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Distal attachment- base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation-median nerve

Action flexes the thumb.

Tendon passes through tte cape tunnel lateral to FDS and FDP tendons.

Front 21

Back 21

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Front 22

Pronator Quadratus

Back 22

Proximal attachment- distal anterior ulna

Distal attachment-distal anterior radius

Innervation-median nerve

Action- pronation

Front 23

Back 23

Pronator quadratus

Front 24

What muscles in the anterior forearm are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

Back 24

Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

Front 25

3 muscles of the deep anterior forarm

Back 25

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

Front 26

Pronator syndrome

Back 26

The median nerve could become entrapped, severed, or compressed near the elbow where it enters the forearm between the heads of pronator teres muscle.

Deficits- 2nd and3rd finders can't be fully flexed. "hand of benediction" when attempting to make a fist.

Front 27

Ulnar nerve injury

Back 27

If the injury occurs at the elbow then the power of hand adduction will be impaired- hand is deviated to the lateral side when attempting to flex the wrist. There will be impaired sensation to medial hand and digits. "Claw hand"

Front 28

Radial Artery

Back 28

Branches off of the Brachial artery in the cubital fossa. Deep to the brachioradialis. The superficial branch of the radial nerve lies beside it. Can be palpated for pulse. Main supply to the palmer arch of the hand

Front 29

Ulnar Artery

Back 29

Branches of the brachial artery in the cubital fossa.As it exits the cubital fossa it gives rise to the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.Transverses forearm between FDP and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. Main supply to the superficial palm of the hand.

Front 30

Innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm.

Back 30

Radial Nerve

Front 31

Brachioradialis

Back 31

Proximal attachment-lateral ridge of humerus

Distal attachment- lateral distal radius

Innervation-radial nerve

Action-flex at elbow

Front 32

posterior forearm muscles that extend the wrist

Back 32

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Front 33

Posterior forearm muscles that extend the medial four digits

Back 33

Extensor digitorum

Extensor indicis

Extenser digiti minimi

Front 34

Posterior forearm muscles that extend and abduct the thumb

Back 34

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis longus

Front 35

Extensor retinaculum

Back 35

Covers extensor tendons at the wrist and prevents bowing during hyperextension.

Front 36

Radial nerve

Back 36

Before it divides into the superficial and deep branches it innervates the brachioradialis and the carpi radialis longus. Most muscles are innervated by the deep branch which becomes the interosseous nerve after the supinator muscle. The superficial branch is sensory.

Front 37

Type of fracture?

Back 37

Colles fracture- A distal radius fracture that is displaces dorsally. Commonly occurs when one catches ones self in a fall. There is said to be a "dinner fork deformity".

Front 38

Carpal bones

(Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle)

Back 38

Front 39

Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

Back 39

There are three ligaments that link the metacarpals. (none span index finger to thumb)

Front 40

Synovial joints between carpals

Back 40

Share a common articular cavity and are reinforced by a multitude of ligaments

Front 41

Carpometacarpal joint

Back 41

Found in the thumb gives the greatest range of mobility

Front 42

Metacarpalpharyngeal joints (MCP)

Back 42

Condyler joints- permit flexion, extension,abduction, adduction, and circumduction. (knuckles)

Front 43

Interphalangeal joints (DIPS and PIPs)

Back 43

Hinge joints that permit flexion and extension

Front 44

Carpal Tunnel

Back 44

tendons and the median nerve transverse it, formed by carpals and transverse carpal ligamnet Tensons from FDS,FDP and flexor pollicis longus.

Front 45

What condition is this? How is it treated?

Back 45

Carpal tunnel syndrome. Tapping over the flexor reticulum will increase or reproduce the symptoms (Tinels sign). Treated with splints, activity modification, stretching, vitamin B6, antiinflammatory drugs, or surgical decompression.

Front 46

Flexor tendon pulley system.

Back 46

Tendon sheaths contain FDS and FDP. Deep ulnar artery passes through gunyons canal (btween hook of hamate and pisiform)

Front 47

Extensor expansion hoods.

Back 47

Allows for extension from lumbercles at PIP and DIP simultaneously, with the flexion of the MCP joints.

Front 48

Venicula longus and breves

Back 48

Mesotendons for blood suppl of the figers.

Front 49

Dupuytren's contracture

Back 49

Thickening of the fibrous bands of the palm. Often it is bilateral and more commonly occurs in men over fifty. It is associated with myoblast proliferation and type III collagen. Surgical extensionof fascia frees the fingers.

Front 50

Anatomical snuff box

Back 50

Medial border- extensor pollicis longus.

Lateral border- abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.

Contents- radial artery- allows scaphoid palpation.

Front 51

Thenar muscles

Back 51

Abductor Pollicics brevis

FLexor pollicis brevis

Opponens Pollices

Actions- Flex, abduct and oppose the thumb.

Innervation- recurrant branch of medial nerve.

Front 52

Back 52

Thenar muscle group- abductor pollicis brevis

Front 53

Adductor pollicis

Back 53

Proximal attachment- metacarpal of middle finger

Distal Attachment- medial side of 1st metatatarsal

Innervation-ulnar nerve

Action- Adducts thumb

Front 54

Dorsal interossi

Back 54

Proximal attachment- Base of metacarpals

Distal attachment-dorsal hood base of proximal phalanx

Action- finger abduction

Front 55

Back 55

Adductor pollicis

Front 56

Back 56

Dorsal interossei

Front 57

Back 57

Palmer interossei

Front 58

Palmer interossei

Back 58

Proximal attachment- base of metacarpals

Distal attachment- dorsal hood

Action- finger adduction.

Front 59

Lumbricles

Back 59

Proximal attachment- FDP tendons

Distal attachment -extensor hood.

Innervation- 1st and second get median, 3rd and 4th ulnar

Action-flex MCP, extend IPs.

~Pass dorsally around the lateral side of the finger.