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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Work
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1 joule of work is done when a force of 1 newton (N) moves an object 1 meter in the direction if the force
Work done (W) = Force (F) x Distance moved in direction of the force (d) |
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Energy
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- Moving objects have energy
- Materials are made up of atoms that are constantly in motion, a material has more energy hot then cold because the atoms are moving faster |
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Kinetic Energy
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Energy due to motion, all moving objects have kinetic energy
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Potential energy
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The energy which an object has because of its changed position, shape, or state.
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Gravitational Potential energy
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A stone held up to can do work when dropped because gravity will pull it downwards. the stone has gravitational energy.
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Elastic Potential energy
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A stretched rubber band can do work when released, so can a compressed spring. both have elastic potential energy.
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Chemical Potential energy
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When fuel burns, its energy is released by chemical reactions. the energy stored in the fuel is called chemical potential energy, batteries also store it, so do foods without it your muscles could not move.
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Electrical Potential energy
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In circuits, the current is a flow of tiny charged particles called electrons. Electrons can transfer energy from, for example, a battery to a light bulb so they have electrical potential energy.
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Nuclear Potential energy
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When the particles in an atoms nucleus are rearranged or the nucleus splits and energy is released it is called nuclear potential energy.
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Thermal energy
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When hot objects cool down, their atoms and molecules slow down and lose energy, this is know as thermal energy, for example, in a car engine, burning fuel produces hot gases which expand and push on pistons to turn the wheels of a car
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Radiated energy
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The sun radiates light. loudspeakers radiate sound. light and sound both travel in the form of waves, these carry energy.
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Law of conservation of energy
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Energy cannot be made or destroyed, but it can change form one form to another.
Work done = Energy transfered |
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Calculating Gravitational Potential energy
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Gravitational potential energy (PE) = mass (m) x Gravity (g) [10N] x height (h)
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Calculating Kinetic energy
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Kinetic energy (KE) = 1/2 x mass (m) x velocity² (v²)
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