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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tibia |
- supports body weight
- 2nd largest bone in body |
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Fibula |
- minimal body weight transmitted
- lateral malleolus approx. 1 cm distal than medial malleolus
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Bony Landmarks (Tibia - medial malleolus) |
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Bony Landmarks (Tibia - soleal line) |
- posterior |
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Bony Landmarks (Tibia - anterior tibial crest) |
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Bony Landmarks (Tibia - tibial tuberosity) |
- patellar tendon inserts here |
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Bony Landmarks (Tibia - fibular notch) |
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Bony Landmarks (Fibula - lateral malleolus) |
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Tarsals |
- calcaneus
- talus
- navicular
- 1st, 2nd, & 3rd cuneiform
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Sesamoids |
sesmoid bones are on bottom of plantar surface of 1st metatarsal |
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Landmarks (Calcaneous - medial calcaneal tubercle ) |
plantar fascia originates here
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Landmarks (Calcaneous - posterior calcaneal tubercle) |
achilles tendon inserts here |
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Landmarks (Calcaneous - sustentaculum tali) |
holds talus from coming into medial aspect; supports talus |
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Landmarks (Talus - talar dome) |
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Landmarks (Navicular - navicular tuberosity ) |
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Landmarks (Metatarsals & Phalanges) |
- base : proximal
- shaft
- head : distal |
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3 zones of the foot |
- forefoot - midfoot
- rearfoot/hindfoot |
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Forefoot |
- phalanges
- metatarsals |
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Midfoot |
- tarsals except talus & calcaneous |
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Rearfoot/hindfoot |
- talus
- calcaneous
- distal tibiofibular joint
- talocrural joint
- subtalar joint |
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Tibiofibular joint |
- fibrous joint (syndesmosis)
- talus is wider anteriorly
- accessory movements only (spreading)
- ligaments include anterior & posterior tibiofibular |
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Talocrural joint |
- Ankle joint
- distal tibia & fibula, & talus
- "ankle mortise"
- surrounded by an articular capsule
- ligamentous support
- dorsiflexion & plantarflexion |
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Talocrural Joint Lateral Ligamentous Stability |
1. Anterior Talofibular - lateral mallelous to talus - prevents inversion of talus - most commonly injured
2. Calcaneofibular - tip of lateral mallelous to calcaneous - prevents inversion
3. Posterior talofibular - posterior lateral mallelous to the posterior talus - prevents DF, ADD, IR, talar translation |
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Talocrural Joint Medial Ligamentous Support |
Deltoid Ligament - very strong ligament - made up of 4 seperate ligaments: - tibionavicular - tibiocalcanean - posterior tibiotalar - anterior tibiotalar |
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Subtalar Joint |
- between talus & calcaneous
- synovial joint surrounded by its own capsule
- bony make up gives it its stability
- pronation & supination occurs here - 6 degrees pronation - 12 degrees supination |
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Midfoot |
- Transverse Tarsal Joint (Chopart's Joint) - talocalcaneonavicular joint - calcaneocuboid joint
- Synovial Joints - fibrous capsule
- Major ligamentous support - plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) - long plantar ligament - plantar calcaneocuboid ligament |
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Forefoot |
Joints - tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc Joint) - intermetatarsal joint - metatarsophalangeal - interphalangeal joint |
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Tarsometatarsal joint |
Between proximal tarsals & metatarsals
Synovial joint
Gliding movement only
Ligaments supporting it: - plantar and dorsal interosseous ligaments |
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Intermetatarsal joint |
Between metatarsal joints
Synovial joint
Gliding movement
Supported by Interosseous ligaments |
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Metatarsophalangeal joint |
Between metatarsals & phalanges
Condyloid joint
Movement: -Flex, Ext, ABD/ADD
Ligamentous support: - medial & lateral collateral ligaments |
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Interphalangeal joints |
Between the phalanges
DIP, PIP, & IP
Hinge joints
Movement: - Flex. & Ext
Ligamentous support: - medial & lateral collateral ligaments |
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Major Arches of the Foot |
Shock absorbers
Allow foot to be adaptable to terrain & weight changes
3 Arches: - medial longitudinal arch - lateral longitudinal arch - transverse metatarsal arch
Strength due to: - shape of bones - strength of plantar ligamentous - plantar fascia - muscular actions |
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Medial Longitudinal Arch |
Made up of: - calcaneous, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, & 1-3 metatarsals
Maintained by: - tibialis anterior & posterior - fibularis longus - flexors - plantar fascia - plantar calcaneonavicular ligament |
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Lateral Longitudinal Arch |
Made up of: - Calcaneous, cuboid, 4th & 5th metatarsals
More stable & less adjustable than med. long arch
Maintained by: - fibularis muscles - flexor digitorum brevis - plantar fascia - long & short plantar ligaments
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Transverse Metatarsal Arch |
Made up of: - cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsal bones
Maintained by: - tibialis posterior & anterior - fibularis longus - plantar fascia |
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Bursas in the foot & ankle |
Retrocalcaneal Bursa - between achilles & calcaneous - deep - protects achilles from rubbing against calcaneous
Calcaneal Bursa - between skin & achilles |
