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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Extrinsic factos affecting microbial activity |
GPS Route - Gas composition (21% O, 78% N, .035 Co2, .97 - Presence & activities of m/os - Storage Temperature - Relative Humidity |
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Psychrotrophs growth temperatures: |
Min : -5 to +5 Optimal : 25 - 30c Max: 30 - 35c |
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Mesophiles growth temperatures |
Min: 5 - 15c Optimal: 30 - 40c Max: 40 - 47c |
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thermophiles growth temperature |
min: 40 - 45 optimal : 55 - 75 max ; 60 - 90 |
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Two main types of Antagonism |
General microbial interference - competition for nutrients/attachment sites Lactic Antagonism |
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Ropiness and sourness in beer are caused by : |
Lactobacillus and Acetobacter spp, respectively |
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Sugar spoilage of confectionary products is caused by : |
Bacillus spp |
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Pickles spoilage, caused by - Blackening - Bloaters - Softening |
Bacillus nigrificus peliococci spp Bacillus spp |
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Main causes of food borne disease |
Chemical (intrinsic/extrinsic) Parasites (roundworms) Phytoplanktons (Domoic acid) Fungi (Myotoxin producers) Bacteria (infections) Viruses (SRSV) Prions (CJD) |
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3 Types of Pathogens and examples |
• Humans only e.g. s typhi • Host adopted serovers e.g. abortis ovis, abortis equi • Unadopted serovers - no host preference - Zoonoses |
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Symptoms of salmonella |
Enteritis & Systemic disease (Typhoid) |
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Enteritis - Incubation time? - Infective dose? - Recovery time? |
6 - 48 h as little as 15 - 20 cells 1 - 3 days |
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Typhoid - incubation - Recovery - Carry state |
3 - 56 days 4 - 5 weeks months/years |
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Campylobacter Spp - incubation - infective dose - recovery |
2 - 5 days 400 - 500 cells 7 - 10 day recovery (25% of patients relapse) |
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How many Staphylococcal Enterotoxins exist? |
> 26 |
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Requirements for host invasion? |
1. Survive acidic stomach environment 2. Attach to intestine wall 3. Overcome host defence mechanisms 4. Compete with resident GIT microflora 5. Multiply and produce toxins or cross epithelial lining |
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Cryptosporidium Parvum - 2 main types? |
Immunocompetent - incubation (6 - 14 days) - recovery (9 - 23 days) Immunocompromised - heavy diarroheoa - Recovery > 30 days |
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What are the sources and effects of Scombroid poisoning? |
Tuna, mackerel, sardines Burning sensation in mouth, nausea, etc |
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Puffer Fish poisoning can lead to what, if not dealt with, in 4 - 6 hrs? |
death (like guy in Thailand who killed/paralysed half his family by accident! ) |
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What parts of the body to Myotoxins target? |
Liver, kidney and immune system |
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3 important toxigenic species? |
aspergillus fusarium penicillium |
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What is the lethal dose of alfatoxin? |
0.5 - 10mg/kg |
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ATBI = ? |
Potent hepatocarcinogen |
