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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are mineral elements neede for?
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1.body building
2.control of body processes,e.g.transmission of nerve impulses 3.essential parts of body fluids |
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Name five mineral elements that are required in large amounts.
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calcium ,iron ,phosphorus ,potassium ,sulphur
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Mineral elements required in small amounts are called...
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trace elements
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Name some trace elements.
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iodine,copper,manganese,fluorine,cobalt,nickel,zinc
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State the functions of calcium.
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It is required:
-for the complex mechanism which causes blood to clot after an injury -for the correct functioning of muscles and nerves -maintenance of bones and teeth once formed |
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What does calcium make when it combines with phosphorus and why is this combination necessary?
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calcium phosphate,it is the chief material that gives hardness and strength to bones and teeth.
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List some sources of calcium.
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milk,cheese,bread,bones of canned fish and hard water
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What is the name of the substance that whole grain cereals can combine with to make calcium unavailable to the body?
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phytic acid
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What vitamin controls the absorption of calcium and the mineralization of bones and teeth?
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vitamin D
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Around which age does calcium start to be lost and is not replaced?
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at the age of 30
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Calcium loss may speed up in women who are going through menopause what can be done to slow down this loss?
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Hormone replacement therapy(HRT)
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The continual loss of bone mass can lead to...
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osteoporosis
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What is osteoporosis?
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this means that the bones became weak,brittle,and break easily.
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What happens to children with a deficiency of calcium?
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- bones and teeth are not mineralized properly and are improperly formed.
- leg bones may bend under the weight of the body |
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What happens when adults have a deficiency of calcium?
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-strength of bones and teeth is not maintained,possibly resulting in osteomalacia
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What is tetany?
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Tetany is a conditon resulting from muscles and nerves not functioning correctly
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What happens to a person who has tetany?
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Their muscles contract rigidly and the patient has convulsions.
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What is essential for the production of energy in the body?
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phosphorus
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What is phosphorus present in all plant and animal cells as?
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phosphate
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Iron is a component of _________
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haemoglobin
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What is haemoglobin?
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the substance which gives red blood cells their colour
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What is haemoglobin required for?
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To transport oxygen around the body to every cell,for the production of energy and the maintenanceof all cell functions
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Name some good sources of iron.
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-liver -plain chocolate
-kidney -watercress -corned beef -cocoa |
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Name some reasonable sources of iron.
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-white bread
-curry powder -treacle -whole grain cereals |
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In which form is iron easier to absorb?
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ferrous form
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What vitamin increases iron absorption,especially from plant foods as it changes the iron form ferric to ferrous form.
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Ascorbic acid(vitamin C)
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Red blood cells die after about ____ weeks
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two weeks
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Where is the absorption of iron controlled?
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In the small intestine
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In severe cases deficiency of iron leads to .....
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Iron deficiency anaemia
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What happens when haemoglobin is not made properly?
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Insufficient oxygen is carried around the body which leads to fatigue,weakness and a pale complexion.
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What are sodium,chloride, and potassium all require for?
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To maintain the correct concentration of the body fluid.
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What is chloride also requires for?
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the production of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice of the stomach.
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What is sodium,chloride and potassium eaten as?
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sodium chloride or potassium chloride in food
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Name some examples of sodium,chloride and potassium being added as salt to foods.
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-yeast extract
-cheese -bacon -fish |
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Where can sodium,chloride,and potassium found naturally?
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fish and meat
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What is the scientific name for salt?
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sodium chloride
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What is monosodium glutamate?
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a flavour enhancer
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Name two commonly used additives.
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sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrite
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Why is sodium and chloride necessary for workers in heavy industry?
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beacause they are lost in sweat
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Excess intakes of sodium and chloride are excreted in ...
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urine and sweat
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What conditions might a person have to be placed on a salt restricted diet?
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-heart,kidney,liver disease
-high blood pressure |
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Name three low salt foods.
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natural cereals
-fruit -unsalted butter |
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What is important in strengthening teeth against decay?
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fluoride
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How do teeth become more resistant to attack by the acid produced by bacteria in the mouth?
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fluoride combines with the protective enamel coating of the teeth
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Where is fluoride found naturally?
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-tea
-sea-water fish -some parts of the country in water supplies |
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calcium - Ca chlorine -Cl
iron - Fe sodium - Na phosphorus - P magnesium-Mg sulphur - S *fluorine-F potassium - K |
iodine-I cobalt- Co
copper-Cu chromium- Cr manganese-Mn zinc - Zn selenium -Se nickel- Ni |
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How often do red blood cells die?
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every six weeks
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When is the strengthening effect that fluoride has on the teeth of value?
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when the teeth are developing in children
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What can too much fluoride cause?
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It can be harmful as it causes the teeth to become 'mottled' with dark brown spots.
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Name some sources of iron mainly eaten in Jamaica.
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dried peas,dried fruits,eg. raisin,and curry
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What is iodine required for?
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To make the horomone thyroxine
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What is thyroxine produced by?
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the thyroid gland in the neck
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Thyroxine along with other horomones helps ...
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To control the rate of metabolism in the body.
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Name some foods that have a good supply of iodine.
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-sea foods -iodized salt
-milk -green vegetables(spinach) -fresh water(certain areas) |
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What are the requirements for iodine?
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A minute quantity is required every day and in our whole life 2.8g is needed by the body
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How is a goitre formed?
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a deficiency of iodine leads to a reduction in the amount of thyroxine produced by the thyroid gland---metabolism slows down and the gland swells up in the neck
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Research shows that regular exercise stimulates______ _______ ____________.
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new bone production
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What is the name given to milk that is treated to break up fat in milk?
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Homogenized milk
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Milk that is heated to kill bacteria so it can be kept for a long time....
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Pasteurized milk
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__________ __ helps with the absorption ot iron
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vitamin C
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Fur in water because of too much chlorine can cause...
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-kidney damage
-kidney stones -gall stones |
