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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RIsk factors for breast cancer
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Increased breast density
Advanced age at first pregnancy Diethylstilbestrol exposure Hormone therapy Obesity |
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ACS clinical breast exam recommendations
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Every 3 years for women in 20s and 30s
Every year for women 40 and over |
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Gardasil serotype protection
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6,11,16, and 18 - cervical cancer and genital warts
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Cervarix serotype protection
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16, 18, 31, 45 - cervical cancer
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Smoking and menopause
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Smokers tend to go through menopause a few years earlier
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Risk factors for osteoporosis
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Low estrogen
Dementia Smoking Caucasian race |
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Osteoporosis screening
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Insufficient evidence for screening under 60
DEXA for all women 65 and older, and in women 60-64 with increased fracture risk |
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Age for mammography
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Not indicated for under 40 unless high risk
For average risk, 40-50 is individual decision No upper limit to age for screening |
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Age for Pap smear
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Every 2 years from 21-29
Every 3 years from 30-65 |
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Risk groups for more frequent Pap smears
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Compromised immunity
HIV positive History of cervical intraepothelial neoplasia grade 2, 3, or cancer DES exposure in utero |
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When to stop Pap smears
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Age 65-70 who have had three or more normal Pap smears in last 10 years
Women who have undergone total histerectomy for benign reasons |
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Pap smear specimen adequacy
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Must contain over 5,000 squamos cells and have sufficient endocervical cells in order to be sample of transformation zone
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Epithelial abnormalities in Pap smear
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Atypical squamos cells - infection, irritation, or precancerous
Low-grade squamos intraepithelal lesion - mat progress to high grade High-grade squamos intraepithelial lesion - significant precancerous Squamos cell carcinoma |
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Factors that increase likelihood of malignancy in breast lump
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Single, hard, immobile lesion 2 cm or larger with irregular borders
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Cystic vs. solid breast lesions
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Cystic - attempt aspiration and send for cytology
Solid - mammography |
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Causes of nipple discharge
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Pregnancy/excessive breast stimulation
Prolactinoma Breast cancer Intraductal papilloma Mammary duct ectasia Paget's disease of breast Ductal carcinoma in situ |
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Workup of nipple discharge
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Imaging - mammogram, US, ductogram
Biopsy Hormonal testing Medication review |
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Meds that cause nipple discharge
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Antidepressants
Antipsychotics Some antihypertensives Opiates |
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Supplementation for osteoporosis prevention
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Postmenopausal - 1200-1500 mg calcium and 800 IU vitamin D per day
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