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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fluoroquinolones effect what?
how? what is this enzyme equivalent to |
dna
inhibits the dna gyrase topoisomerase II (cuts both strands simultaneously |
|
rifampicin affect what
|
rna
|
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specifically how do fluoroquins work
|
bind to gyrase and prevent resealing of DNA strands
|
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gyrase has which subunits
|
A and B
|
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What kind of killing
spectrum? |
concentration dependent
neg and pos |
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names of fluoroquins?
which are respiratory? |
ciprofloxacin, levo, moxi
levo and moxi |
|
absorption?
high concentration where? |
100%
prostate, kid, neut, macs |
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adverse
|
generally well tolerated
tendon rupture!! Not recommended for kids; cipro prevents metab of theophylline and warfarin hypoglycemia with glyburide |
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Rifamycin
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inhibs DNA depnd rna polymrase
cidal Resistance is rapid |
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where ued as single agent?
|
neisseria meningiditis
|
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Rifampin potent inducer of what?
|
cyp3a4
|
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The antimetabolites
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yes
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folic acid has three components
|
pteridine, paba, and glutamate
|
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selective tox by what mech?
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human dietary requirement and active transport into cells
bac make their own. dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase are enzymes in tetrahydrofolic acid pathway. Sulfonamides block dihydropteroate synthase. |
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what kind of inhib?
|
competitive
|
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resistance common or not?
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common
|
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mechs of resistance?
|
alter dihydropteroate synthetase
overproduce paba utilize exogenous folic acid |
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slow acting or fast?
|
slow because must deplete folic acid stores
|
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sulfisoxazole
sulfamethoxazole |
short halflife
|
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PO?
metabolized? elimination? |
yes, well absorbed
by N acetylation excretion in urine |
|
sulfacetamide
|
highly water soluble so used for conjunctiitis
|
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Trimethoprim
what sounds scary about this drug? |
inhibs folic acid reduction
this pathway common to all organisms? |
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But why is it ok?
|
The bacterial enzyme is different
|
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what drug is analagous to trimethoprim in humans?
|
methotrexate
|
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what enzyme inihib
|
dihydrofolate reductase
|
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what's it combined with
|
sulfonamide!!! (prof used exclamation points.) used often with sulfamethoxazole
|
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used for what?
|
urti, soft tissue mrsa, pneumo jiroveci
|
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adverse are mainly due to sulfonamides?
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allergic!
Stevens-Johnson syndrome!! cross-sensitization |
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older sulfonamides could do what?
|
crystalluria
|
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trimethoprim adverse?
|
megaloblastic anemia
|
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nitrofurantoin
|
uti specific ab
rapid excrete by kid, high urinary concentrations low serum, acute cystitis, not for pyelonephritis |
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adverse for nitrofurantoin
which causes more adverse effects? other adverse? |
GI, nause and vomit
microcrystalline causes greater adverse effects lung allergic rxn chronic, pulmonary fibrosis, cough dyspnea |
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methenamine
mech? for treatment? |
copolymer of formaldehyd and ammonia and formaldehyde
decomposes at acidic ph....formaldehyde is active ingred not for treatment, mostly for prophylaxis |
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fosfomycin
used for? why useful? |
inhibts cws at an early stage
cystitis only requires 1 pill |