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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Normal Potassium Values K+
3.5-5.0
What electrolyte effect does Lasix have?
K+ depleting
What electrolyte effect does HCTZ have?
Ca depleting
K+ Sparing
What electrolyte effect does Spironolactone have?
K+ sparing
Ca depleting
What electrolyte effect does Maxiside have?
K+ sparing
Ca depleting
This electrolyte is necessary for transmission & conduction of nerve and muscle impulses, acid-base balance, and maintenance of cardiac rythyms.
K+
This electrolyte is a major ICF cation
K+
What are some sources of K+?
Fruits & Veggies, bananas, oranges, cantaloupe, dark leafy greens.

K+ meds (IV PO)

Salt substitutes

Stored blood
S/S Presenting what?

Muscle cramping/weakness of LE
Numbness/tingling in extremeties
Lethargy/fatigue
Diarrhea
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Peaked T Wave, Wide QRS, Prolonged QT intervals
Hyperkalemia
S/S Presenting what?

M-Muscle weakness
U-Urine, oliguria, anuria
R-Respiratory distress
D-Decreased cardiac contractility
E-ECG changes
R-Reflexes, Hyperreflexia Areflexia
Hyperkalemia
Burns & traumatic injury, tumor lysis can cause what in relation to K+?
Hyperkalemia
Massive intake, impaired renal excretion, Fluid shift from ICF to ECF can cause what in relation to K+?``
Hyperkalemia
What nursing implementations will increase the elmination of K+?
Eliminate oral/parenteral intake of K+

K+ depleting diuretics

Dialysis

Kayexalate (usually enema- very sugary causing K+ to shift and be excreted)

Force K+ from ECF-ICF by IV insulin or NaHCo3 (sodium bicarb) *insulin forces glucose into cells activating K+/Na pump)

Reverse ECF elavated K+ using Calcium gluconate IV
S/S & Manifestations in relation to K+ is called what?

Respiratory Alkalosis
Severe vomiting/diarrhea
Leg cramps
Hyperglycemia
Bradycardia
ECG changes: Flat T wave, ST depression, frequent PVC's
Mg deficiency
NG suctioning
Hypokalemia
What are 2 Nursing Dx that can be used for both Hyper/Hypokalemia?
Risk for Injury

Potential complication: dysrthymias
What nursing implementation is used for Hypokalemia?
KCL supplements oral or IV
(not to exceed 10-20 mEq/hr to prevent Hyperkalemia or cardiac arrest)
What is the normal values of Calcium (Ca)?
9.0-10.5
What are some sources of Ca?
Dairy products: milk cheese etc..

Canned salmon, sardines, oysters

Fruit juices labeled fortified

dark green leafy vegetables: kale, spinach, collard greens, broccoli, rhubarb
Ca has an inverse relationship to what electrolyte?
Phosphorous

(if one is low the other is high)
Parathyoid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D control what electroyte?
Calcium
Hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy
Vit D Overdose
Prolonged Immobilization

Can cause what electrolyte imbalance condition?
Hypercalcemia
S/S are correlated to what disorder?

Decreased memory, confusion, disorientation, constipation, anorexia, fatigue, nausea, polyuria, dehydration, bradycardia, heartblock.

ECG changes : shortened QT interval, depressed T wave
Hypercalcemia
Possible Nursing Dx for Hypercalcemia could be what?
Risk for injury r/t bone loss

Potential complication: dysrythmias

Decreased activity level
What are some implementations that may be used to treat hypercalcemia?
Use of loop diuretic to excrete Ca

Hydration with Isotonic saline solution

Synthetic calcitonin (hormone that lowers Ca level)

Mobilization
Decreased PTH, Acute pancreatitis, multiple blood transfusions, alkolosis, decreased dairy intake, excessive antacid use can cause what electrolyte disorder?
Hypocalcemia
What do these S/S correlate too?

+ Trousseau's/Chovstek's sign
Laryngeal Stridor
Dysphagia
Tingling around mouth or in extremeties
Hypocalcemia
What are the CATS of hypocalcemia?
Convulsions
Arrhythmias (Prolonged QT interval)
Tetany
Spasms & Stridor
What Nursing Dx may be used with hypocalcemia?
Risk for injury
Potential complication: fracture or respiratory arrest
What nursing implementation would be used to treat hypocalcemia?
Treat the cause of deficiency

Oral or IV Calcium supplements (NOT IM)

Treat pain & anxiety to prevent hyperventillation induced resp alkalosis
What is the normal Phosphorous (Po4) value?
3.0 - 4.5
This electrolyte is the primary anion in ICF
Po4
This electrolyte is essential to muscle function, rbc's & the nervous system. It is also deposited with calcium for bone & tooth structure
Po4
This electrolyte is involved in the acid-base buffering system, ATP production & cellular uptake of glucose.

The maintenance of this electrolyte requires adequate renal functioning
Po4
How do antacids effect Po4?
They can cause Hyperphosphatemia, antacids may increase Po4 levels
Acute or chronic renal failure, chemotherapy, or excessive ingestion of phosphate or vitamin D can cause what electrolyte disorder?
Hyperphosphatemia
What are some sources of phosphate?
Milk, Cheese, egg yolk
Meat, fish, fowl, nuts
What electrolyte disorder can be determined to be occurring w/ calcified deposition in soft tissue (joints, skin, arteries, kidneys, corneas), neuromuscular irritability and tetany
Hyperphosphatemia
The following are nursing management options for what electrolyte disorder?

Identify & treat underlying cause
Restrict foods containing Po4
Adequate hydration & correction of hypocalcemic conditions
Hyperphosphatemia
The following may cause what electrolyte disorder?

Malnourishment/ malabsorption
ETOh withdrawl
Use of phosphate binding antacids
Hypophosphatemia
What electrolyte disorder is said to elicit the following manifestations?

CNS Depression
confusion
muscle weakness and pain
dysrythmias
cardiomyopathy
Hypophosphatemia
What are some management options for Hypophosphatemia?
oral supplementation
Ingestion of foods high in Po4
IV administration of sodium or K+ phosphate
What is the normal lab value of Magnesium?
1.3 - 2.1
This electrolyte is a coenzyme in metabolism of protein & carbs.

50-60% of it is contained in bone
Magnesium
True or false

Factors that regulate calcium balance also influence magnesium balance?
True
This electrolye acts directly on the myoneural junction and is important for normal cardiac function.
Mg
What are sources of magnesium?
Vegetables: broccoli, spinach, squash, avocados, potatoes

Whole grains, nuts, seeds

Fruits

Tuna, pork, chicken

Tap water
What category is the best magnesium source?
Vegetables: broccoli, spinach, squash, avocados, potatoes
What electrolyte disorders are related to the following S/S?

lethargy/drowsiness
Nausea/vomiting
impaired reflexes
respiratory & cardiac arrest
Hypermagnesemia
management of hypermagnesmia includes what?
Prevention: educating the client

Emergency treatment: IV CaCl or calcium gluconate

Fluids to promote urinary excretion
What are some causes of Hypomagnesemia?
Prolonged fasting or starvation
Chronic alcoholism
Fluid loss from GI tract
Prolonged parenteral nutrition w/o supplementation
Diuretics
What electrolyte disorder are the following manifestations related too?

Confusion
hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
tremors
seizures
cardiac dysrythmias
hypomagnesemia
How is hypomagnesemia managed?
Oral supplements, increase dietary intake, parenteral IV or IM magnesium when severe