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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Normal Potassium Values K+
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3.5-5.0
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What electrolyte effect does Lasix have?
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K+ depleting
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What electrolyte effect does HCTZ have?
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Ca depleting
K+ Sparing |
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What electrolyte effect does Spironolactone have?
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K+ sparing
Ca depleting |
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What electrolyte effect does Maxiside have?
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K+ sparing
Ca depleting |
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This electrolyte is necessary for transmission & conduction of nerve and muscle impulses, acid-base balance, and maintenance of cardiac rythyms.
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K+
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This electrolyte is a major ICF cation
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K+
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What are some sources of K+?
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Fruits & Veggies, bananas, oranges, cantaloupe, dark leafy greens.
K+ meds (IV PO) Salt substitutes Stored blood |
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S/S Presenting what?
Muscle cramping/weakness of LE Numbness/tingling in extremeties Lethargy/fatigue Diarrhea Hypotension Bradycardia Peaked T Wave, Wide QRS, Prolonged QT intervals |
Hyperkalemia
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S/S Presenting what?
M-Muscle weakness U-Urine, oliguria, anuria R-Respiratory distress D-Decreased cardiac contractility E-ECG changes R-Reflexes, Hyperreflexia Areflexia |
Hyperkalemia
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Burns & traumatic injury, tumor lysis can cause what in relation to K+?
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Hyperkalemia
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Massive intake, impaired renal excretion, Fluid shift from ICF to ECF can cause what in relation to K+?``
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Hyperkalemia
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What nursing implementations will increase the elmination of K+?
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Eliminate oral/parenteral intake of K+
K+ depleting diuretics Dialysis Kayexalate (usually enema- very sugary causing K+ to shift and be excreted) Force K+ from ECF-ICF by IV insulin or NaHCo3 (sodium bicarb) *insulin forces glucose into cells activating K+/Na pump) Reverse ECF elavated K+ using Calcium gluconate IV |
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S/S & Manifestations in relation to K+ is called what?
Respiratory Alkalosis Severe vomiting/diarrhea Leg cramps Hyperglycemia Bradycardia ECG changes: Flat T wave, ST depression, frequent PVC's Mg deficiency NG suctioning |
Hypokalemia
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What are 2 Nursing Dx that can be used for both Hyper/Hypokalemia?
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Risk for Injury
Potential complication: dysrthymias |
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What nursing implementation is used for Hypokalemia?
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KCL supplements oral or IV
(not to exceed 10-20 mEq/hr to prevent Hyperkalemia or cardiac arrest) |
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What is the normal values of Calcium (Ca)?
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9.0-10.5
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What are some sources of Ca?
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Dairy products: milk cheese etc..
Canned salmon, sardines, oysters Fruit juices labeled fortified dark green leafy vegetables: kale, spinach, collard greens, broccoli, rhubarb |
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Ca has an inverse relationship to what electrolyte?
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Phosphorous
(if one is low the other is high) |
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Parathyoid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D control what electroyte?
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Calcium
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Hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy Vit D Overdose Prolonged Immobilization Can cause what electrolyte imbalance condition? |
Hypercalcemia
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S/S are correlated to what disorder?
Decreased memory, confusion, disorientation, constipation, anorexia, fatigue, nausea, polyuria, dehydration, bradycardia, heartblock. ECG changes : shortened QT interval, depressed T wave |
Hypercalcemia
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Possible Nursing Dx for Hypercalcemia could be what?
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Risk for injury r/t bone loss
Potential complication: dysrythmias Decreased activity level |
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What are some implementations that may be used to treat hypercalcemia?
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Use of loop diuretic to excrete Ca
Hydration with Isotonic saline solution Synthetic calcitonin (hormone that lowers Ca level) Mobilization |
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Decreased PTH, Acute pancreatitis, multiple blood transfusions, alkolosis, decreased dairy intake, excessive antacid use can cause what electrolyte disorder?
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Hypocalcemia
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What do these S/S correlate too?
+ Trousseau's/Chovstek's sign Laryngeal Stridor Dysphagia Tingling around mouth or in extremeties |
Hypocalcemia
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What are the CATS of hypocalcemia?
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Convulsions
Arrhythmias (Prolonged QT interval) Tetany Spasms & Stridor |
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What Nursing Dx may be used with hypocalcemia?
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Risk for injury
Potential complication: fracture or respiratory arrest |
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What nursing implementation would be used to treat hypocalcemia?
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Treat the cause of deficiency
Oral or IV Calcium supplements (NOT IM) Treat pain & anxiety to prevent hyperventillation induced resp alkalosis |
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What is the normal Phosphorous (Po4) value?
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3.0 - 4.5
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This electrolyte is the primary anion in ICF
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Po4
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This electrolyte is essential to muscle function, rbc's & the nervous system. It is also deposited with calcium for bone & tooth structure
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Po4
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This electrolyte is involved in the acid-base buffering system, ATP production & cellular uptake of glucose.
The maintenance of this electrolyte requires adequate renal functioning |
Po4
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How do antacids effect Po4?
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They can cause Hyperphosphatemia, antacids may increase Po4 levels
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Acute or chronic renal failure, chemotherapy, or excessive ingestion of phosphate or vitamin D can cause what electrolyte disorder?
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Hyperphosphatemia
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What are some sources of phosphate?
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Milk, Cheese, egg yolk
Meat, fish, fowl, nuts |
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What electrolyte disorder can be determined to be occurring w/ calcified deposition in soft tissue (joints, skin, arteries, kidneys, corneas), neuromuscular irritability and tetany
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Hyperphosphatemia
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The following are nursing management options for what electrolyte disorder?
Identify & treat underlying cause Restrict foods containing Po4 Adequate hydration & correction of hypocalcemic conditions |
Hyperphosphatemia
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The following may cause what electrolyte disorder?
Malnourishment/ malabsorption ETOh withdrawl Use of phosphate binding antacids |
Hypophosphatemia
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What electrolyte disorder is said to elicit the following manifestations?
CNS Depression confusion muscle weakness and pain dysrythmias cardiomyopathy |
Hypophosphatemia
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What are some management options for Hypophosphatemia?
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oral supplementation
Ingestion of foods high in Po4 IV administration of sodium or K+ phosphate |
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What is the normal lab value of Magnesium?
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1.3 - 2.1
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This electrolyte is a coenzyme in metabolism of protein & carbs.
50-60% of it is contained in bone |
Magnesium
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True or false
Factors that regulate calcium balance also influence magnesium balance? |
True
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This electrolye acts directly on the myoneural junction and is important for normal cardiac function.
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Mg
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What are sources of magnesium?
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Vegetables: broccoli, spinach, squash, avocados, potatoes
Whole grains, nuts, seeds Fruits Tuna, pork, chicken Tap water |
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What category is the best magnesium source?
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Vegetables: broccoli, spinach, squash, avocados, potatoes
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What electrolyte disorders are related to the following S/S?
lethargy/drowsiness Nausea/vomiting impaired reflexes respiratory & cardiac arrest |
Hypermagnesemia
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management of hypermagnesmia includes what?
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Prevention: educating the client
Emergency treatment: IV CaCl or calcium gluconate Fluids to promote urinary excretion |
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What are some causes of Hypomagnesemia?
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Prolonged fasting or starvation
Chronic alcoholism Fluid loss from GI tract Prolonged parenteral nutrition w/o supplementation Diuretics |
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What electrolyte disorder are the following manifestations related too?
Confusion hyperactive deep tendon reflexes tremors seizures cardiac dysrythmias |
hypomagnesemia
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How is hypomagnesemia managed?
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Oral supplements, increase dietary intake, parenteral IV or IM magnesium when severe
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