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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
______ due to fluid volume deficit, hyperaldosteronism, cushings syndrome, renal failure, IV hypertonic NA
pure water deficits due to -diabetes insipidus (decrease ADH), hyperglycemia, diuresis -manifestions- tachycardia, weak pulse, hypotension, (postural), elevated hemotocrit and hemoglobin, dry skin |
hypernatremia
hypertonic imbalances |
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____due to:
hypoaldosteronism, diuresis, GI losses NA+ dilution (dilutional ______) water excess due to: -administration of hypotonic solutions -tape water enemas -syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) =increase ADH secretion in the absence of hypovolemia or hyperosmolarity -___ with hypervolemia (dilutional hyponatremia) maifestations- cerebral edema muscle twitch headaches weak pulse. |
hyponatremia
hypotonic imbalances |
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infusion of a ___ ____ into veins would produce no fluid movement into cells
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isotonic solution
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infusion of ___ ____ into veins would cause the fluid to move into veins
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hypertonic solution
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infuision of a ___ ___ into veins the fluid would move out of the veins
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hypotonic solution
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normal range of sodium
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135-145 mEq/L
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normal range of potassium
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3.5-5.0 mEq/L
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normal range of calcium
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9.0-10.5 Mg/dL
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normal range of magnesium
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1.5-2.5 Mg/dL
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renal- olguria decrease urine output
-central nervous system- cerebral edems, headache, confusion, seizure, coma depending on how fast and how much. - neuromuscular muscle cramps decrease reflexes in beep tendon, decrease response |
hyponatremia
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-skin= dry skin, decrease in saliva and tears dry eyes poor skin turgorbody temp increase mouth dry and tongue dry and sticky. difficulty swallowing.
-neuromuscular- increase irritation of reflexes, very brisk become restless adjetated seizure or coma depend on how long they have condition |
hypernatremia
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important for repolarization fo the heart and maintain stable rhythm.
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potassium
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resting membrane potential is more negative- hyperpolarized. cell membrane more negative need a stronger stimulus for action potential because more neg have a prominant U wave
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hypokalemia
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resting potential more postivie hypopolarized easier to stimulate the cell closer to threshold. action potential easier more irritability. more excitable
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hyperkalemia
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important in normal cardiac function
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calcium
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increased membrane excitability- neuro and muscle may feel numbness and tingle muscle spasm, spasm of larynx. concerned about airway ventilation. tetnay= generalized muscle spasm. tingling numbness hyperactive reflxes
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hypocalcemia
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cardiac depression- depresses longer heart rate slows down the heart rate
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hypocalcemia
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cardiac disturbances- normal or may be shotty tachycardia. might have hypertenison enhance digoxin toxicity
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hypercalcemia
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neurological disturbances- going to decrease excitation of muscle, weakness loss of muscle tone, lethargy, coma if to high seizures also decrease reflexes
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hypercalcemia
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recongnizing ___ ___
-tousseaus sign have spastic spasm upon inflation of the bp cuff. adduction of the thumb over the palm. |
carpopedal spasm
-hypocalcemia |
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twitching of the lip at the corner of the mouth to spasm of all facial muscles depending on the severity of _____
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chovsteks sign
hypocalcemia |
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essential for the functional integrity of neuromuscular system
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magnesium
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pregnant women growth failure. muscle spasm (tetany). muscle cramps, irritability of the cell membrane low potassium dysrythmias irritability of the cell membrane
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hypomagnesemia
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