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16 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Causes of hypovolemia |
Vomiting Diarrhea Excessive sweating Burns Wound drainage Use of diuretics & laxatives Dehydration Acites Age (elderly) GI suctioning |
Fluid volume deficit |
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Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia |
Hallucination Confusion Dry mucous membrane Weak and thready pulse Oliguria (low production of urine, concentrated urine) Weight loss** (2lbs in 24 hours) Hypotension Decreased skin turgor |
Obvious signs of dehydration |
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Labs to determine hypovolemia |
Elevated BUN/Cr Urine specific gravity Hematocrit and hemoglobin |
Look at kidney function and the blood |
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Causes of hypervolemia |
Heart failure Kidney damage Liver cirrhosis Long term corticosteroids Long term corticosteroids Overhydration IV therapy Excess sodium in diet SIADH |
Any condition that causes a fluid build up in the body |
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Symptoms of hypervolemia |
Pitting Edema Jugular vein distention Bounding pulse Crackles Dyspnea (increase respiration) High blood pressure Weight gain Increased urine output (only if kidneys are working) Confusion Altered level of consciousness |
Too much water inside the body. Where does that extra fluid goes? What effects does it have on the body? Neuro/Respiratory. V/S?? |
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Labs for hypervolemia |
Specific urine gravity BUN/Cr Hematocrit and hemoglobin |
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Nursing interventions for hypovolemia |
Monitor weight and I/O Encourage fluid intake IV fluids Treat underlying cause Administer oxygen Monitor hematocrit and urine gravity Assess skin turgor & mucous membrane |
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Nursing interventions for hypervolemia |
Fluid and salt restriction Diuretic **Monitor weight and I/O** Monitor K+ serum Semi-fowler position Monitor hematocrit & electrolyte levels Administer oxygen |
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Organs/ glands that play a role in electrolyte balance |
Kidney (Urine) Heart (pumps blood to kidneys) Lungs (losses water via respiration) Adrenal gland (aldosterone) Parathyroid gland (Ca & Ph) Pituitary gland (ADH) |
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Causes of hypomagnesemia |
Alcoholism Malabsorption **Detabetic ketoacidosis Prolonged GI suction Diuretics |
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Causes of hypermagnesemia |
Kidney failure Adrenal insufficiency Excessive magnesium intake |
Kidneys/ Adrenal/ dietary |
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Normal range of Magnesium |
1.3 - 2.1 |
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Causes of hypercalcemia |
Hyperactiveparathyroidism Cancer of the bone Immobilization Excess calcium intake |
PTH/immobility/diet |
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Causes of hypocalcemia |
Liver failure **Hypoparathyroidism Malabsorption Pancreatitis Alkalosis |
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Normal range of Calcium |
9 - 10.5 |
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Causes of hypokalemia |
Diuretics Diarrhea Vomiting Gastric suctioning Cushing syndrome Bulimia Corticosteroids Excess secretion of aldosterone Dysrrhymia & arrest |
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