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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Factors Affecting Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance
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Age
Gender Temp Lifestyle |
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Age
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infant- high fluid turnover (higher metabolism)
elderly- thirsty faster |
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Gender
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women- more water
men- less water |
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Temp
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Hotter- sweat more
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Lifestyle
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more active: more sweat= loss of electrolytes
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Fluid Imbalance: reasons
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trauma, surgery, medications, vomiting, diarrhea
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Imbalances:
isotonic osmolar |
Isotonic: water/electrolytes lost/gained in equal proportions
osmolar: loss or gain water leading to altered serum |
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4 categories of Fluid Imbalance
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isotonic loss of water and electro
isotonic gain of water and electro hyperosmolar loss of H2O/ele hypoosmolar gain of H2O/ele |
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FVD
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loses both H2O/electrolytes aka
hyopvolemia r/t abnormal loss through skin, decreased intake, bleeding, third spacing |
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FVE
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retainment of H2O, Na aka hypervolemia r/t increase Na which increases H2O AEB excess NaCl in take, rapid infusion, disease process of CHF
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Electrolyte Imbalance:
Na |
hyponatremia- deficit
ie muscle twitch hypernatremia- excess ie coma, seizure |
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Electrolyte Imbalance:
K |
hypokalemia- deficit
ie weakness hyperkalemia- excess ie cardiac dysrhythmia |
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Acid-Base Imbalance
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compensation of RR and metabolic system
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Respiratory Acidosis
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CO2 retention carbonic level high
pH<7.35 ie COPD |
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Respiratory Alkalosis
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CO2 retention carbonic level low
ie hyperventilation |
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Metabolic acidosis
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Bicarbonate level low
pH low ie renal failure |
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Metabolic alkalosis
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Bicarbonate level high
ie prolonged vomiting |
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RN Management of Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid-Base Imbalance
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Assess:
PPH Physical: skin, oral cavity, eyes, cardio/resp system clinical: daily I/O, VS Labs: electrolyte serum, CBC, Serum Osmolarity, Urine pH, Specific Gravity, Urine Ca, Cl, ABG |
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RN Management of Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid-Base Imbalance
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Dx:
Deficient Fluid Volume Excess Fluid Volume Risk for Imbalanced Volume Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume Impaired Gas Exchange |
