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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Osmosis
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Movement of hm2 from area of low concentration of electrolytes to lower area of electrolytes. (Water seeks salt)
Occurs without energy |
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What is Diffusion
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Movement of electolytes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration area.
Sometimes require transport Occurs without use of energy |
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What is Osmotic pressure
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Concentration of electrolytes in fluid
Higher electro=higher osmotic pressure AKA Tonicity |
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What is Isotonic
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Same osmotic pressure between cell and ecf
Cell stays the same size No change in balance b/t icf and ecf |
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What kind of fluid is
NS 0.9% |
Isotonic
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What kind of fluid is
D5W |
Isotonic
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What kind of fluid is
d5 1/4 NS |
Isotonic
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What kind of fluid is
LR |
Isotonic
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In a isotonic situation how does water move in and out of a cell
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Equal Tonicity (osmosis + diffusion)
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releasing and inhibiting horomones
what gland? |
hypothalamus
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What kind of fluid is
Distilled water |
Hypotonic
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What kind of fluid is
1/2 NS |
Hypotonic
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What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution
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The swell will cell because the fluid will attempt to water down electro in cell.
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What is a hypertonic solution?
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Solution has a higher osmotic pressure than cell
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What kind of fluid is
D10W |
Hypertonic
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What kind of fluid is
D 5 1/2 NS |
Hypertonic
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What happens to a cell in a Hypertonic solution
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The cell will shrink because the icf will attempt to dillute ECF causing the cell to shrink
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What is normal icf fluid volume?
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28 LITERS (40%)
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What is normal interstitial fluid volume?
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10 l
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What is normal Plasma fluid volume?
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3.5 L
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What is normal Transcellular fluid volume?
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1 Liter
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In the adult normal weight of body fluid is what %
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60%
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Any exchange of fluids occurs where?
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In the capillaries
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What is interstitial fluid?
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Any fluid in the tissues
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Interstitial fliud helps keep BP up by_______ and can be used as a
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Keeping the vascular fluid in the vessels,
reserve *Also keeps fluid in place |
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Plasma is the ____ and keeps the _______volume up. It also tansports the ____
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Vascular fluid, Vascular, Cells
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Transcellular fluid is found in the
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Peritoneal cavity, CSF, synovial fluid
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Hippocampus:
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A large structure located between the thalamus and cerebral cortex toward the posterior portion of the forebrain. Critical for memory formation.
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IN EDEMA 1 LITER OF FLUID = HOW MANY KG
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1 KG
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HOW DO YOU MEASURE EDEMA
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+1 - +4
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Edema is more fluid than the_____ can hold
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interstitial gel
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Third spacing is a increase in fluid in the _____ or ______
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body cavity, sac
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Third spacing in the abd is ______, in the pericardial sac is _________ and in the pleural space is_______
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acites, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion
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To access hydration and electrolyte levels via lab are____ and ____.
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BMP,BUN/GLUCOSE/NA/CL
CMP-LIVER ENZYMES, ALBUMIN, TOTAL PROTEIN |
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In isotonic fluid volume deficit ____ loss is proportianete to ____
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NACL, H2O
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In isotonic fluid volume deficit results in _______. On lavs there will be a increase in concentraion of ____ and _____
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Hypovolemia, rbc, het
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Causes of isotonic fluid volume deficits are from______ and some _______dx
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AGE AND KIDNEY DX
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In isotonic fluid volume deficit WEIGHT LOSS IS MEASURED BY
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2% MILD, 5% MODERATE, 8% SEVERE
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In isotonic fluid volume deficit s/s are
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weight loss
hypotension weak pulse, -cap refill, dry mouth, decrease uop |
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In isotonic fluid volume deficit tx
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PO FLUIDS AND ISOTONIC FLUIDS
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In isotonic fluid volume EXCESS THERE IS AN INCREASE
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H2O AND NACL
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In isotonic fluid volume excess blood volume is_______ and the ___ and ____may fall
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hypervolemic, rbc, het
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In isotonic fluid volume excess s/s
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weight gain 2/5/8
full bounding pulse sob |
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In isotonic fluid volume excess tx
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low sodium diet
diuretics |
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causes of isotonic fluid volume excess are
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heart failure-decreased blood flow
kidneys-poor secretion of h2o and nacl corticosteriod therapy- incre nacl reabsorption by kidneys |
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What is hyponatremia
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Low sodium concentration
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What population is hyponatremia seen in? Why?
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elderly because of renal fxn
poor homestatic controls with dx |
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What is hyponatremia s/s.
What system does it affect |
Muscle cramps
weakness fatigue skeletal muscles |
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Hyponatremia may be ___,____,_____ volemic
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hypo, hyper, normo
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What is causes hyponatremia
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water intoxication
decreased reanl function |
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What is hyponatremia tx
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Dependant on hypo, normo, hypervolemic
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What is hypernatremia
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Increased NA
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What is hypernatremia s/s
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thirst, decreae uop, neuro change if severe
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What is hypernatremia tx
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preferably po water hypotonic IVF
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In hypernatremia increase na causes increase ______ of plasma. This equals cellular______
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tonicity, cellular dehydration
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Potassium in the by is regulated by the ______ via____
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kidneys aldosterom
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Many cells in the body are very sensitive to _____ because potassium is responsible for ________,_______
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change, conducting impulses
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Various areas of the body affected by lack of potassium are ____,______,______
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cardiac muscles, skeletal muscles and neurons
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Cause of Hypokalemia are______,____,_____.
It can be caused by increased____ and ______ |
poor dietary intake,
aldosterone, trauma |
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Hypokalemia can be caused by metabolic______ in the ____
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alkalosis, kidneys
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In Hypokalemia the GI Tract may show _______ gi sxn or _____stools
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excessive, watery
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In hypokalemia, there is a redistribution of potassium b/t ____ and _______ by drugs such as ____
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ecf, icf, insulin
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In hypokalemia the s/s are
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EKG changes
arrythmias, fatigue, muscle cramps |
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Treatment of Hypokalemia is
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oral K or if severe ivf K
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In Hyperkalemia there are elavated
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K
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In hyperkalemia the s/s are
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muscle weakness, dyspnea, arrythmias
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In hyperkalemia the tx is _______, ______
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low k diet and dialysis
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The biggest worries with affect is that K effects the ____whereas na affects the ____
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heart, skeletal muscle
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What causes hypocalcimeia
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mostly renal failure
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What is hypocalcimeia s/s
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increased excitation of nerve and muslce cells, parathesia, tetany, seizures and death if severe.
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What is hypocalcimeia tx
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Dialysis and high ca+ diet
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What is hypercalcimeia s/s
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decreased excitation of nerve an muscle cells
changes in personality, arrhythmia |
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What is hypercalcemeia causes
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cancers, bone wasting, hyperparathyroidism
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What is hypercalcemia tx
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Hydration to increase excretion and loop diuretics
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