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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Intracellular fluid |
Within cell |
|
Extracellular fluid |
Intravascular plasma, intersitial fluid, transcellular fluid |
|
Every kg (2.2lbs) of weight gained or lost |
Is 1L (1000mL) of fluid |
|
Na+ |
135-145..most abundant cation, extracellular |
|
Na+ function |
Controls ans regulatws water balance |
|
K+ |
3.5-5, major cation Intracellular |
|
K+ function |
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle |
|
Ca++ |
9.0-10.5, skeltal system |
|
Foods with NA+ and Cl- |
Bacon, ham, processed cheese, table salt |
|
K+ rich foods |
Potato with skin, veggies, fruits |
|
Cl- |
98-106, anion of extracellular |
|
Fluid Volume Deficit manifestations |
Dry tongue, low bp, decreased urine output, poor skin turgor, weak pulse |
|
Fluid Volume Excess |
Clients with heart failure at high risk! Crackles, rales, bounding pulse, high bo, edema in lower extremeties, ascites |
|
Hyponatremia causes |
Excess perspiration, diuretics, water replacement with large amts of water or IV D5W |
|
Hyponatremia treatment |
Monitor i&o, serum Na+, vitals, Na+ rich foods |
|
Hyponatremia manifestations |
Lethargy, confusion, muscle twitching, abdominal cramps, seizures, coma |
|
Hypernatremia causes |
Excess intake of salt, diarrhea, decreases h2o intake, heatstroke, fever |
|
Hypernatremia treatment |
Sodium restricted diet, encourage fluids |
|
Hypernatremia manifestations |
Dry mouth, reddened tongue, thirst, disorientation, convulsions |
|
Hypokalemia Causes |
Vomitting, diarrhea, oor intake of K+, use of diuretics |
|
Hypokalemia Treatment |
Monitor hr and rhythm, administer oral K+ or IV(NEVER PUSH), encourage K+ foods |
|
Hypokalemia Manifestations |
Leg cramps, Cardiac Dysrythmias, depressed deep tendon reflexes |
|
Hyperkalemia Causes |
Excess of K+, renal failure, burns, trauma, infection |
|
Hyperkalemia Treatment |
Monitor cardiac status closely, avoid K+ rich food, hold K+ supplements |
|
Hyperkalemia Manifestations |
Areflexia, Paresthesias(tingles and numbness), cardiac dysrythmias and arrest |
|
Hypocalcemia Causes |
removal of parathyroid gland, vitamin D deficiency, acute pancreatitis, thyroid cancer |
|
Hypocalcemia Treatment |
Monitor respiratory and cardiac status, teach about osteoporosis prevention, administer Ca++ IV as ordered |
|
Hypocalcemia Manifestations |
Muscle tremors, numbness and tingling of mouth and extremities, positive trousseaus and chvostek's signs, confusion, anxiety |
|
Positive Trousseau's |
twitching of hand when blood pressure is on short time of 20mmHg above patients systolic |
|
Positive Chvosteks |
Tapping on face in front of ear...twitching occurs ipsilaterally(on the same side) |
|
Hypercalcemia Causes |
Ca+ higher than 10.5mg/dl, prolonged immobilization, bone malignancy, excess intake of calcium |
|
Hypercalcemia Treatment |
Increase activity as ordered, encourage oral fluids, limit high Ca+ foods or supplements |
|
Hypercalcemia Manifestations |
Constipation, Kidney stones, polyuria, hypercalcuria, water pills cause this and bone tumors |
|
Isotonic |
No osmosis shifts, equal homeostasis, 0.9% NaCl |
|
Hypertonic |
Skinny, shrinking cells, more out than in, D5.9% NaCl |
|
Hypotonic |
Swollen cells, more in the out, .45% NaCl |