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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Normal Values for Paotassium ?
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3.5 - 5.0
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What are the normal values for Sodium ?
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135 - 145
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What are the normal values for Calcium ?
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4.5 - 5.5
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What are the normal values for Magnesium ?
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1.5 - 2.5
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What are the normal values for Chloride ?
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90 - 110
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What are the normal levels for Phosphate?
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1.7 - 4.6
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What are the normal levels for Bicarbonate ?
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Arterial 22 - 26
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what indicates metabolic acidosis?
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HCO3 below 22
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What indicates Respiratory acidodis?
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HCO3 above 26
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What indicates metabolic alkalosis?
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HCO3 above 26
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What indicates respiratory alkalosis?
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HCO3 below 22
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A sodium excess is known as?
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Hypernatremia
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A sodium deficit is known as?
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Hyponatremia
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Chief regulation of sodium occurs where?
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Kidneys
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Why can hyponatremia occur when kidneys are unable excrete enough urine?
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Reduced urine excretion increases the amt.of water, which will dilute the serum sodium concentration.
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GI surgey can cause what?
Hypernatremia or Hyponatrmeia |
Hyponatremia
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Sever vomiting can cause what?
Hypernatremia or Hyponatremia Why? |
Hypernatremia, water loss can be greater than sodium loss
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What are the 5 functions of Sodium?
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1-conduction of nerve impulses
2-neuromuscular irritability 3-heart contractibility 4-regulates acid/base balance 5-distribution of h2o between ECF and ICF |
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-Excessive use of table salt
-Continuous use of canned veggies and meats -use of IV solutions -severe vomiting Can cause what? |
Hypernatremia
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-Low sodium diet
-vomiting -use of diuretics Can cause what? |
Hyponatremia
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What are some clinical manifestation of a patient with hyponatremia?
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muscle weakness
dry mucous membrane confusion/LOC poor skin turgor tachycardia nausea headache |
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What are some clinical manifestations of a patient with hypernatremia?
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twitching
restlessness tachycardia red dry tongue hyperreflexion |
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Sodium is found predominantly in what fluid?
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ECF
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Potassium is predominantly in what fluid?
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ICF
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What are the functions of Potassium?
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1-contraction of skeletal/smooth muscle
2-transmission/conduction of nerve muscles 3-strengthens heart muscle contraction/conduction |
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If the kidneys are damaged or there is a markedly decrease in urine output what happens to potassium?
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k+ concentration increases in the ECF
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Name some food high in patassium
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Bananas/fruit
Nuts Meat |
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What hormone controls glucose levels and also causes K+ to move into the cells?
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Insulin
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If a patient has a K+ of 2.5 what will happen to the patients heart?
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Arrythmias
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When the hormone aldosterone is secreted the kidneys reabsorb _______ and excrete ______?
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kidneys reabsorb Na+
and excrete K+ |
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What two meds are given with severe hyperkalemia in order to rid the body of K+ and replentish k+ absorption in cells?
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Kayexlate and insulin/dextrose
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Which diuretics can cause hypokalemia?
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loop diuretics(lasix)
Thiazide diuretics |
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Which type of diuretics can cause hyperkalemia?
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Potassium sparing/Aldactone
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Hypokalemia is?
Metabolic acidosis or Metabolic alkalosis |
Metabolic Alkalosis
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Hyperkalemia is?
Metabolic acidosis or Metabolic alkalosis |
Metabolic acidosis
ex:diabetic coma |
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Calcium is found in ECF and ICF, but mainly in?
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ECF
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What are 4 factors that control calcium?
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1-thyroid gland - releases calcitonin to pull ca into bone
2-parathyroid gland - when ca is down it releases from bone 3-vitamin D -helps absorption 4-Phosphorus - also in bone |
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If you correct the potassium levels this usually corrects what other electrolytes?
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calcium and magnesium
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Magnesium is the 2nd most abundant electrolyte in what fluid?
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ICF
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What are the 4 main functions of Magnesium?
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1-neuromuscular activity
2-heart contractions 3-transport Na + K across membrane 4-activates many enzymes for metabolism of carbs, proteins, vit b |
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hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, poor GI absorption, alcoholism, can cause what?
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hypomagnesemia
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Clinical manifestations of hypomagnesemia would include:
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hyperactive reflexes
arrythmias *tetany *digitalis toxicity nausea/vomiting, diarrhea abdominal distension |
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Clinical manifestations of hypermagnesemia would include:
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weakness
lethargy weak/absent deep reflex hypotension flushing slow arrythmia(Cardiac arrest) respiratory depression |
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What would ask a hypermagnesemic patient to avoid?
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antacids w/ magnesium
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Why is it important to monitor I & O of a patient with hypermagnesemia?
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may indicate renal failure, also may be hypokalemic
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Phosphate is found more abundant in which fluid?
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ICF
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Phosphate has a relationship with what other electrolyte?
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Calcium, also vit D
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What are the 3 functions of phosphate
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1-acid base balance
2-muscle contractions 3-nerve conduction |
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Hypophosphatemia is
respiratory alkalosis or respiratory acidosis |
alkalosis
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Alcoholism can cause what?
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hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia
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Clinical manifestations of hypophosphatemia include:
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irritibility
weakness parathesia confusion - neuro respiratory failure dysrythmias - vitals GI |
