Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acid
|
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
|
|
activation energy
|
The energy that must be possessed by atoms or molecules in order to react.
|
|
adhesion
|
The tendency of different kinds of molecules to stick together.
|
|
amino acid
|
An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
|
|
atom
|
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
|
|
base
|
A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. See Alkaline.
|
|
buffer
|
A substance that consists of acid and base forms in solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
|
|
carbohydrate
|
A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).
|
|
catalyst
|
A substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction by forming a temporary association with the reacting molecules; as a result, the rate of the reaction is accelerated. Enzymes are catalysts.
|
|
chemical reaction
|
A process leading to chemical changes in matter; involves the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds.
|
|
cohesion
|
The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.
|
|
compound
|
A chemical combination, in a fixed ratio, of two or more elements.
|
|
covalent bond
|
A chemical bond formed as a result of the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons.
|
|
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
|
A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
|
|
electron
|
A particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom.
|
|
element
|
Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance.
|
|
enzyme
|
A class of proteins serving as catalysts, chemical agents that change the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
|
|
ion
|
An atom that has gained or lost electrons, thus acquiring a charge.
|
|
ionic bond
|
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
|
|
isotope
|
One of several atomic forms of an element, each containing a different number of neutrons and thus differing in atomic mass.
|
|
lipid
|
One of a family of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluble in water.
|
|
molecule
|
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
|
|
monomer
|
The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
|
|
monosaccharide
|
A The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, the molecular formulas of monosaccharides are generally some multiple of CH2O.
|
|
nucleic acid
|
A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.
|
|
nucleotide
|
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
|
|
nucleus
|
(1) An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.
|
|
pH scale
|
A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to –log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.
|
|
polymer
|
A large molecule consisting of many identical or similar monomers linked together.
|
|
polysaccharide
|
A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides, formed by condensation synthesis.
|
|
protein
|
A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
|
|
reactant
|
A starting material in a chemical reaction.
|
|
solute
|
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
|
|
solution
|
A homogeneous, liquid mixture of two or more substances.solvent The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known.
|
|
substrate
|
(1) The substance on which an enzyme works. (2) The foundation to which an organism is attached.
|
|
Van der Waals interactions
|
Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localized charge fluctuations
|