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152 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cerebral Perfusion Pressure |
MAP - ICP |
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What is the most common cause of Cardiogenic Shock. |
Heart Failure |
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Parklin Burn Formula |
Ringers Lactate 4ML x % BSA x Weight 1/2 first 8 hours 1/2 next 16 hours |
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MAP |
2x DBP + SBP / 3 |
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Normal Range ICP |
0 - 10 mmHg |
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MMA Artery bleed that has lucid intervals
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Epidural Bleed |
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Boyles Gas law |
Dominate Gas Law A law stating that the pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature. |
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Boyles Gas Law Formula |
P1 V1 = P2 V2 |
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MM @ Sea Level |
760 MM 1 Atmosphere |
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Atmosphere loss in height |
1500 ft is a loss of 5% |
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Barotitis media |
Damage to the middle ear (area behind your eardrum) from pressure change. |
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Eustachian tube |
Canal that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, which consists of the upper throat and the back of the nasal cavity. It controls the pressure within the middle ear, making it equal with the air pressure outside the body. |
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When does Barotitis media Start |
Upon Landing |
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Barodontalgia |
Known as tooth squeeze and previously known as aerodontalgia, is a pain in tooth caused by a change in ambient pressure. The pain usually ceases at ground level. |
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Barotrauma |
Physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between a gas space inside, or in contact with the body, and the surrounding gas or fluid. |
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Nitrogen in Obese Patients |
More common in the obese Nitrogen is stored in the lipids. Nitrogen builds up in the obese and causes nitrogen Narcosis. |
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Charles Law |
a law stating that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. |
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What is the temperature change in altitude |
Every 1000ft = 2 Degree Drop in temp Every 150 Meters = 1 Degree drop in temp |
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Gay - Lussac Law |
Amontons' law or the pressure law was found by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1809. It states that, for a given mass and constant volume of an ideal gas, the pressure exerted on the sides of its container is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
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Dalton's Law |
partial pressures) states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
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Daltons Law Formula |
380 X 0.21 Atmospheric Pressure X O2 as a decimal |
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Henry's Law |
Gas law that states that the amount of dissolved gas is proportional to its partial pressure in the gas phase. Gas law of Solubility |
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How many times does co2 perfuse faster than o2 |
24 Times Faster |
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Ficks Law |
Describe diffusion and were derived by Adolf Fick in 1855. They can be used to solve for the diffusion coefficient, D. Fick's first law can be used to derive his second law which in turn is identical to the diffusion equation. |
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Graham's Law |
as formulated by Scottish physical chemist Thomas Graham in 1848. Graham found experimentally that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles. |
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V / Q Mismatch |
A defect that occurs in the lungs whereby ventilation (the exchange of air between the lungs and the environment) and perfusion (the passage of blood through the lungs) are not evenly matched, a symptom typical of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
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Homeostatus |
the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes. |
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What are the V & Q in VQ Mismatch |
V= Minute Ventilation Q= Cardiac Output |
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Desired o2 with Altitude |
% of FIO2 X P1 / P2 = FIO2 @ new Altitude |
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Stresses of Flight |
Spatial Disorientation Hypoxic Effect Barodontalgia Barotitis media |
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Atelectasis |
Is the collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange. It may affect part or all of a lung. It is usually unilateral. It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid. |
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X Ryas Synonym RIP |
R- Rotation , Looks Symmetrical I - Inspiration, P- Penetration, Do we see bones |
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What can happen with to much Vigorous Stimulation to a New Born? |
Cortisone Dumps with to Much Vigorous Rubbing. |
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Lung Lobes |
2 Lobes on Left lung 3 Lobes on Right lung |
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Hilar Points |
Pulmonary Lungs |
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What is Differential Diagnosis on ETCO2 |
Tip of ETCO2 is Measurement is of IP. |
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What to look for on an Xray |
Scapula Visual Liver pushes Diagram up Hilar points |
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Cord Cutting |
Cut the cord upon Delivery or after it has stopped pulsating |
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How to treat a silent Chest? |
IM Epi, Mag |
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Heliox Standard |
80:20 or 70:30 |
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ARDS |
Bilateral Movement ARDS is an Acute Phase Bilateral Pulmonary Effusions Ground Glass Appearance is Present |
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Pneumoniua |
Treat as bacterial |
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Pulmonary Embolisum |
S1 Q3 T 3 S wave is Lead 1 is Deep Q Wave is Pathologic T Wave is inverted in Lead 3 Right Side Strain Pattern |
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Where is a Common Place of Bronchial Transection? |
At the level of the carina, Use surgical airway and push past carina. |
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Right Main Stem Intubnations |
Give Global Atalectosis, Pull back and watch peep. Will take time to re inflate the left lung. |
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Ventilators |
Assume patient had injured lung Set rate to 16 always to account for dead space Ideal is 4-6 liters at the avoli Level can Absorb global Ataolectosis |
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Dead Space |
Loss of 1ml for every kg of body weight |
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Labor and o2 |
Mom needs o2 FIO2 less than 90% can induce pre term labor |
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Mechanical dead Space in Vent Tube |
Volume Breath 2 ML X PIP is approx loss |
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Pediatric Dead Space Loss |
Volume Breath 1ml X PIP |
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Positive Pressure Ventilation |
Good due to no dead space means that airway pressures applied at the patient's airway through an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube. The positive nature of the pressurecauses the gas to flow into the lungs until the ventilator breath is terminated. |
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Volume Breath |
The Amount of Air delivered in a single breath via ventilator or BVM. |
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Air Trapping |
Also called gas trapping, is an abnormal retention of air in the lungs where it is difficult to exhale completely. It is observed in obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. |
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Respiratory Minute Volume |
Is the volume of gas inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from a person's lungs per minute. |
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VT from 500 to 280 |
Most likely cause is a leak somewhere in the systems. IE I GELS are common cause. |
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Pressure Trigger on vent |
Triggering refers to the mechanism through which the ventilator senses inspiratory effort and delivers gas flow or a machine breath in concert with the patient's inspiratory effort. In modern ventilators, the demand valve is triggered by either a fall in pressure (pressure trigger) or a change in flow (flow trigger). |
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When not to use a pressure trigger |
COPD & Pediatric Patients |
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Revel Vent & Auto Trigger |
Turn the vent settings all the way to the left access and this will auto set the vent to (-3 ) + Peep. |
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Transferring ETT to Vent |
Clamp the tube due to loss of peep |
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PIP |
Positive Inspiratory Pressure |
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PIP Pressures |
Usually 40 for test compliance Change to 35 for care |
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Plateau Pressure |
The plateau pressure (PP) is the pressure applied to small airways and alveoli. It is. measured during an inspiratory pause on the ventilator. The goal plateau pressure is <30 cm. H2O to prevent volutrauma; that is lung injury secondary to overdistension of alveoli. |
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SIMV |
Synchronized Intermittend Mandatoryl Ventilation (SIMV) describes a method of providing mechanical breaths to a patient. An "SIMV of 12" means that the patient is getting 12 guaranteed (mandatory) breaths per minute from the ventilator. |
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SIMV Meaning |
SYNCHRONIZED INTERMITTENT MECHANICAL VENTILATION |
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SIMV Setting |
Not as sensitive to vibration ie movement. Will not auto trigger and alarm Will allow patients to take there own breath Patients should not breath more that 75% of VT |
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PRVC |
Pressure Regulated Volume Control (PRVC) is kind of dual-controlled ventilation in which the ventilator attempts to achieve the volume target using a pressure- control gas delivery format at the lowest possible airway pressure. |
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PRVC Setting |
Vent does not know when to stop Vent will keep climbing if not set to 35 |
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PPLAT |
Peak Plateau Pressure |
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PPLAT Settings |
Climbing PPAT is indicative of Tension pneumothorax Spike in PPlat & ETCO2 is a Tension Pneumothorax |
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Tham |
Medication to reduce Metabolic Acidosis |
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Larsens Manuver |
Holding pressure above the jam to reduce laryngeal spasms. |
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Terion area |
? |
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Krebs cycle |
The sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration. It takes place in the mitochondria, consuming oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and converting ADP to energy-rich ATP. |
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ATP |
Adenosine Triphosphate |
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How many ATP do we Form |
38-2 = 36 |
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ATD Defined |
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life. It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do. |
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O2 Cunsumption Formula |
[1.34 X 15 X 0.95] + 80 x 0.003 |
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Fick Formula |
[1.34 X HGB X ( SVO2 ) ] X Pao2 X 0.003 |
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Steven Johnson Syndrome |
Auto Immune Disease |
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Burns |
Rules of 9 |
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Normal SPO2 Range |
94-99 |
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Normal ETCO2 |
35 -45 |
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Oxy Hemoglobin Curve |
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Epi increases Lactate Levels |
True |
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ETCO2 |
Exhaled co2 |
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PaCo2 |
Bound Co2 |
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ETCO2 is never greater than PaCo2 |
True |
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What is the standard gradience in PaCo2 from ETCO2 |
3% - 5% |
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Oxy Hemoglobin Curve Defined |
Is a curve that plots the proportion of hemoglobin in its saturated (oxygen-laden) form on the vertical axis against the prevailing oxygen tension on the horizontal axis. This curve is an important tool for understanding how our blood carries and releases oxygen. |
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Right Atrium Pressure |
2 mmHg - 6 mmHg |
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Left Atrial Pressure |
30mmHg |
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Vt |
Tidal Volume |
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PEEP |
Positive End Expiratory Pressure |
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RR |
Respiratory Rate |
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It |
Inspiratory Time |
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Et |
Expiratory Time |
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MAP - Airway |
Mean Airway Pressure |
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f |
Overall Frequency |
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Fio2 |
Fraction of inspired Oxygen |
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Pplat - PEEP |
Driving pressure |
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I:E ratio |
Inspiratory vs Expiratory Time |
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PS |
Pressure Support |
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Cstat |
Static Compliance C stat = (Pplat - Peep ) / Vt |
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Normal PH |
7.31 - 7.41 |
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Paco2 Range |
41 -51 |
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HCO3 Range |
23 - 29 |
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Pao2 Range |
30 -40 |
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Sao2 |
75% |
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BE |
? |
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P1 |
Barometric Pressure at patient pick up location |
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P2 |
Barometric Pressure at flying altitude |
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Do2 |
Amount of oxygen delivered each minute |
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Fick Formula Defined |
Cellular uptake of o2 |
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Measuring cellular uptake of oxygen |
O2ER = (Sao2 - Svo2) / SaO2 Goal to maintain < 25 % |
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Pediatric Tube Size >1 Year of age |
(16 + age) / 4 |
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Pediatric tube Size |
3 X tube size |
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Auction / NG / Foley |
2 X ETT Size |
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Pediatric Chest Tube Size |
4 X Tube Size |
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CAMTS |
The Commission on Accreditation of Medical Transport Systems |
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CAMTS MINIMUMS |
Day 800ft + 2miles Vis Night W/ NVG 800ft + 3 Miles Night W/O NVG 1000 ft + 3 Miles |
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BOHR Effect |
a decrease in the amount of oxygen associated with hemoglobin and other respiratory compounds in response to a lowered blood pH resulting from an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. |
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Idopathic |
Unknown Origen |
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Haldane Effect |
Oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin which increases the removal of carbon dioxide. |
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D- Lactate |
The Biproduct of Propreene, Tylenol, Chrones |
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MARK |
Methane Asprin Renal Failure Kidoacidosis |
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GOLD |
Glycol Toxicity - Propene Glycol Oxoproline Lactate D-Lactate |
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Anion Gap |
Anion Gap = Na+ – (Cl- + HCO3-) The Anion Gap (AG) is a derived variable primarily used for the evaluation of metabolic acidosis to determine the presence of unmeasured anions. The normal anion gap depends on serum phosphate and serum albumin concentrations. |
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Na - Cl + Hco3 |
Sodium Bicarbonate |
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Thyroid Storm |
Is a life-threatening health condition that is associated with untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism. During thyroid storm, an individual's heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature can soar to dangerously high levels. |
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Hco3 |
Bicarbonate |
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Metabolic Acidosis |
Is a condition that occurs when the body produces excessive quantities of acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body. |
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456789 Rule |
40 PO2 = 70 SpO2 50 PO2 = 80 SpO2 60 PO2 = 90 SpO2 |
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Metabolic Alkalosis |
Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic condition in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate, or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations. |
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Suctioning Perils |
Can take off acid from suctioning |
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Calcium low what else can be? |
Mag levels |
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HELLP - H |
Hemolysis: This is the breakdown of red blood cells. These cells carry oxygen from your lungs to your body. |
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HELLP - E |
Elevated Liver Enzymes: When levels are high, it could mean there's a problem with your liver. |
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HELLP |
HELLP syndrome is a rare but serious condition that can happen when you’re pregnant or right after you have your baby. HELLP stands for the different things that happen when you have it: |
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Damping |
High Pressure with a Vent |
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Swan Cath |
Colored cath sysstem Made from coral snake |
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Swan Cath Inflation |
1 1/2 CC Max |
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What do you do when you first walk in the room of a |
make sure the baloon is not inflated |
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Anacrotic notch |
rvp Notch |
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Baloon Pump Normal Systolic |
20-30 mmHg |
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Baloon Pump Normal Dystolic |
0-5 mmHg |
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Most likely cause of Damping |
Clot at tip |
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Underdamping |
Low Pressure on vent |
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underdamping causes |
Elongated tubing SUR System is exciting |
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Dermatone injury |
A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve |
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When will you observe a Right ventricular Waveworm |
Upon cath insertion. |
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Grey Turners Sign |
Brushing on the flanks. Usually due to trauma. |
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Cullen’s Sign |
Abdominal Bruising |
