Flight Instruments

Front 1

Pitot static system

Pitot pressure, static pressure

Back 1

ASI, VSI, Altimeter use static pressure

ASI is the only instrument that uses pitot pressure.

Front 2

Altimeter setting

Back 2

If atmospheric temperature is higher than standard, true altitude will be higher than your indicated altitude.

In colder than standard temperature, true altitude will be lower than indicated altitude.

Front 3

Blockage of the pitot-static system

Back 3

A clogged pitot tube, but clear drain hole will result in an ASI zero

If the pitot system becomes clogged, while the static system remains clear, the ASI act like an altimeter

If the static system becomes clogged, ASI is inaccurate. Altimeter will freeze at the altitude at which the blockage occurred. VSI will indicate 0

Front 4

Rigidity

Precession

Back 4

Rigidity in space is the tendency of a gyro remain in a fixed position relative to space.

Precession : When a force is applied at the gyro, a resultant force occurs 90 degrees later in the plane of rotation.

Precession cause slow drifting and minor erroneous indications in the gyroscopic instruments

Front 5

Gyroscope Instruments

Back 5

Turn coordinator typically uses electrical power. We can

Attitude indicator and heading indicator normally receive power from a vacuum system.(Engine driven vacuum pump)

Front 6

Magnetic dip

ANDS

UNOS

Back 6

Magnetic dip is the tendency of a magnet to align itself with these magnetic fields.

If you accelerate an airplane in the northern hemisphere, magnetic compass turns to the north. If you decelerate, it turns to south.

When turning from a north, the compass undershoot the airplane’s actual heading. When turning from a south, the compass overshoot the airplane’s actual heading.

Front 7

Alternate static source

Back 7

If the primary static source become blocked, we can use alternate static source.

In an aircraft not equipped with alternate static source, we can break the VSI glass to resolve the problem.