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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The pitch axis is controlled by: |
Elevator: electrical Stabilizer: electrical for normal or alternate control. Mechanical for manual trim input |
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The roll axis is controlled by: |
Ailerons: electrical Spoilers: electrical |
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The yaw axis is controlled by: |
Rudder: mechanical, however control for yaw damping, turn coordination, and trim is electrical |
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Speed brakes are... |
Electric |
Electrical or mechanical |
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Are the side sticks coupled mechanically? |
No, and they each send separate sets of signals to the flight control computers. |
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Are the rudder pedals coupled mechanically? |
Yes, they are interconnected. |
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Are the trim wheels interconnected? |
Yes. |
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How many flight control computers are there? |
7 total and 2 FCDCs 2 ELACs (Elevator Aileron Computer): for normal elevator and stabilizer control and for aileron control. 3 SECs (Spoiler Elevator Computer): for spoiler control and the standby elevator and stabilizer control. 2 FACs (Flight Augmentation Computer): for electrical rudder control. In addition 2 FCDCs (Flight Control Data Concentrators) that acquire data from the ELACs and the SECs and send it to the EIS (electronic instrument system) and the CFDS (centralized fault display system). |
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Can you reset the flight control computers? |
Yes. The ELACs, SECs, and FACs can all be reset individually by the pb switches on the left top part of the overhead panel. |
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What functions does the ELAC have? |
Normal law: pitch, roll, and yaw Alternate law : pitch only Direct law: pitch and roll Protection computation: pitch attitude, high speed protection, AOA limit Aileron droop |
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What functions does the SECs have? |
Normal law: for the spoilers, roll only Alternate law: pitch only Direct law: pitch and roll Controls speed brakes and ground spoilers |
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What is the flap automatic retraction function? |
It prevents excessive flap loads Improves climb performance In CONF 1+F if the aircraft reaches speed 210 (5 kts before Vfe) the flaps will auto retract to 0. Vfe moves up to 230 because the slats are still deployed and you will have to move the lever to zero. |
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Spoilers in flight |
Speed brakes involve spoilers 2, 3, and 4 The Load Alleviation Function permits time alleviate wing structural loads and uses only 2 ailerons or 2 ailerons and spoilers 4 and 5 depended on the load If a spoilers fails, the symmetric one on the other side is inhibited |
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What is slat alpha speed lock? |
Inhibits slat retraction at high AOA or Low Speed. When slat alpha speed lock activates, a green pulsing LOCK message appears in the slats/flaps position area of the upper ECAM. |
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When does S(F) LOCKED appear in amber? |
When slats or flaps are applied and the system detects an alignment difference between 2 asymmetrical flaps. |
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What do the Flight Control Data Concentrators do? |
The 2 FCDCs receive data from the ELACs and SECs to generate and send info to the Electronic Instrument System (EIS) and the Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS) |
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What happens when inappropriate rudder input is detected? |
Master warning light "Stop Rudder Input" (2x) aural alert Pilot should stop input to avoid accessible rudder load |
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On each wing, what surfaces provide lift augmentation. |
2 flaps (4 total) 5 slats (10 total) 1 aileron (2 total) through the aileron droop function |
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What is aileron droop? |
When the flaps are extended, the ailerons droop slightly to a new neutral position to increase lift. |
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The slats and flaps system include... |
2 slat/flap control computers (SFCC), each contains 1 flap and 1 slat channel 2 independent hydraulic motors coupled to a differential gear box Note: you will lose all automation if these fail. |
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The 2 independent hydraulic motors for the slats and flaps are supplied by |
Green and blue hydraulics for the slats Green and yellow hydraulics for the flaps |
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Which type of flight control system is installed on the A320 series? |
Fly by wire |
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How are flight control surfaces controlled and actuated? |
They are electrically controlled by flight computers (the rudder and THS are also mechanically controlled). They are hydraulically actuated. |
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How would you know if the airplane is in Normal Law?how would you know if the a |
There is no ECAM warnings indicating otherwise. Green bank angle limit indicators at 67* on the PFD. |
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How would you know if the airplane is in alternate law? |
ECAM message says F/CTL ALTN LAW. Green bank angle limit indicators are replaced with an amber x. |
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How would you know if the airplane is in Direct Law? |
ECAM message F/CTL DIRECT LAW. USE MAN PITCH TRIM amber message would flash on the PFD. |
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How would you know if the airplane is in Manual Backup mode? |
There would be a red USE MAN PITCH TRIM ONLY warning on PFD. |
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Name a few malfunctions that result in reconfiguration of the flight laws. |
Dual IR failure Dual ADR failure Dual hydraulic failure Dual ELAC failure Dual FAC failure Dual aileron failure Elevator failure THS failure Side-stick malfunction Emergency electrical config on batteries |
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List all the protections that come under normal law |
1. Load factor limiting 2. Bank angle limiting 3. Pitch limiting 4. High speed protection 5. AOA protection |
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How does load factor limiting work? Under which flight control law is this available? |
The pilot's control inputs are limited so that the load factor will not exceed: -Clean Config: -1G to 2.5G -Slats/flaps extended: 0G to 2G It is available in normal and alternate law. |
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Explain Pitch Attitude Protection. Under which flight law is this available? |
Pitch attitude is limited to: -30* nose up CONFIG 0-3 (reduces to 25* at low speed) -25* nose up CONFIG FULL (reduces to 20* at low speed) -15* nose down It is available in normal law only. |
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How does High Speed Protection work? Under which flight law is this protection available? |
In normal law, when Vmo/Mmo is excess by 6 knots or .1 Mach, High Speed Protection is activated: -Side-stick nose-down authority is progressively reduced and a permanent nose-up order is applied. -THS setting is limited between the setting in which the airplane entered the event and 11* nose-up -Positive Spiral Stability is introduced to 0* bank angle -Bank Angle Limit is reduced to 40* |
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How can you tell the speed at which High Speed Protection will activate? |
The High Speed Protection symbol is represented on the speed tape by two green bars located just above Vmo/Mmo. |
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Is there a way to override High-Speed Protection? |
There is no way to override under normal law. If you force the airplane into alternate law you can override it. |
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What is High AOA Protection? |
High AOA Protection is a type of protection provided against wind-shear and stall. This protection activates at an AOA that is represented by the top of the amber/back checkered area (alpha prot) on the speed tape. When AOA reaches or exceeds this angle: 1. Automatic pitch trim is disabled 2. Side-stick deflection commands angle of attack instead of load factor |
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Explain Bank Angle Protection. Under which flight law is this protection available? |
It is available under Normal Law only and bank angle is limited to 67*. Note: 1. If High AOA Protection is active, bank angle is limited to 45* 2. If High Speed Protection is active, bank angle is limited to 40* |
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Explain Load Factor Demand? Under which flight law is this feature available? |
The pilot demands a change in load factor. This feature is available: -When the side-stick is neutral, the flight computers maintain 1G of load factor -When the side-stick is pulled back, the flight computers are commanded to increase load factor. -When the side-stick is pushed forward, the computers reduce load factor. This is available under normal and alternate law. |
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Explain Ground Mode. Under which flight law is this feature available? |
In ground mode, there is a direct relationship between flight controls and surface deflection. In this mode, pilots can perform a flight control check and observe full surface deflection. Ground mode is only available in normal law. |
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At what point does the ground mode change to flight mode? Under which flight law is this feature available? |
When the aircraft reaches 75 knots during the takeoff roll? The system reduces the max up elevator deflection from 30* to 20*. Wishing a few seconds after being airborne, the ground mode blends into flight mode. |
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Explain flare mode. Under which flight law is the feature available? |
Flare mode is essentially a direct side-stick to elevator relationship (with some dampening). This mode was designed to give pilots a conventional feel during landing. At 50' RA: -THS is frozen and then normal flight mode changes to flare mode -Attitude is memorized and it becomes the initial reference for pitch control At 30' RA: -the system begins to reduce the pitch attitude to -2* nose down over a period of 8 seconds. Consequently to flare the aircraft, the pilot needs to perform a gentle nose-up action. Flare mode is available only under normal law. |
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When does the airplane transit from flight mode to flare mode? |
The transition occurs at 50' RA. |
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Explain roll rate limiting. Under which flight law is this feature available? |
Rate of roll is proportional to side-stick deflection but is limited to a maximum of 15*/second. This feature is available only under normal law. |
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What is automatic pitch trim? Under which flight law is this feature available? |
Initially pitch is achieved by the ELACs moving the elevator. If a constant elevator surface deflection is needed to maintain pitch, the ELACs will command the THS automatically to trim the airplane. There is no need for the pilot to use the trim wheels. This feature is available under Normal and Alternate Law. |
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When is Automatic Pitch Trim inhibited?explain |
Load factor is < 0.5G Load factor is > 1.25G (nose up trim inhibited) RA is < 50' (100' with AP engaged) High speed/Mach protection is active (nose-up trim inhibited) Manual trim is being used (until trim wheel is release) |
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Explain bank angle hold. Under which flight law is this feature available? |
The airplane will maintain 0*/second roll rate when the bank angle is less than or equal to 33* and the side stick is neutral. This feature is available under normal law only. |
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Explain positive spiral stability. Under which flight law is this feature available? |
If the pilot releases the side-stick at a bank angle greater than 33*, the bank angle automatically reduces to 33*. This feature is available under normal law. |
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Explain positive spiral stability. Under which flight law is this feature available? |
If the pilot releases the side-stick at a bank angle greater than 33*, the bank angle automatically reduces to 33*. This feature is available under normal law. |
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During a turn in normal law, do you need to use your rudders? How about in alternate law? |
You do not need to use the rudders. Turn coordination is automatic under normal law, but not in alternate law. |
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Explain positive spiral stability. Under which flight law is this feature available? |
If the pilot releases the side-stick at a bank angle greater than 33*, the bank angle automatically reduces to 33*. This feature is available under normal law. |
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During a turn in normal law, do you need to use your rudders? How about in alternate law? |
You do not need to use the rudders. Turn coordination is automatic under normal law, but not in alternate law. |
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Which flight law protections are available under alternate law? |
1. Load factor limiting 2. High speed stability 3. Low speed stability |
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What is high/low speed stability? |
High speed stability: -Replaces the high speed protection -Above Vmo/Mmo, a nose up command is introduced to avoid excessive increase in speed. Low speed stability: -Replaces normal high AOA protection. -About 5-10 kts above stall warning speed a gentle progressive nose down signal is introduced. The system also applies bank-angle compensation so that a constant AOA is maintained |
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Can the pilot override the High/Low Speed Stability? |
Yes |
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What happens to alternate law when you extend the gears? Why? |
It reverts to direct law because it is not possible to land the airplane in alternate law since it doesn't have flare mode. The flight test pilots deemed direct law to handle better during landing. |
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What protections and flight characteristics are available under direct law? |
None. |
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Explain the flight characteristics listed under direct law. |
Pitch: direct relationship Roll: direct relationship Yaw: -yaw dampening -rudder trim -manual rudder -rudder limiting |
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What is the maximum roll rate under Direct Law? How does that compare to normal law? |
30*/second, it is twice as fast as the roll rate for normal law. |
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What is Mechanical Backup? When is it available? |
It refers to the mechanical control of the THS and rudders. It is always available as long as hydraulic pressure is available in at least one system. |
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How can you tell if the airplane is in mechanical backup?what is ab |
There is no ECAM message but you can see a red MAN PITCH TRIM ONLY message being flashed on the PFD. |
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What is abnormal attitude law?when |
It is Alternate Law without any kind of protection and stability except for load factor protection. |
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When would Abnormal Attitude Law activate?w |
Abnormal Attitude Law activates in case the airplane leaves the protected envelope (severe turbulence can cause upset due to wake turbulence, etc.) |
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What are the actual parameters needed to enter Abnormal Attitude Law? |
Pitch attitude > 50* nose up or 30* nose down Bank angle > 125* Angle of attack > 30* or <-10* Speed > 440 kts or < 60-90 knots (depending on pitch) Mach > 0.91 of < 0.1 |
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You are in Abnormal Attitude Law and extend the gears before landing. What law are you in? |
Alternate Law. There is no reversion to Direct Law upon year extension. |
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You are flying at a speed lower than Alpha Prot. You release the side-stick. What will happen? |
The plane will pitch down until the AOA reduces to the top of Alpha Prot. |
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What is Alpha Max? How is it indicated?what is the |
Alpha Max is the maximum allowed AOA under normal law. It is indicated on the speed tape by the top of the solid red strip. |
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What is the Load Alleviate Function? |
Permits alleviation of wing structure loads. This function is achieved through the upward deflection of: -2 ailerons or, -2 ailerons and spoilers 4 and 5 Only available on new 320s |
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What is an SFCC and what is it's function? |
The salt flap control computer. There are 2 and they control the slats and flaps. |
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What happens if you use RUD TRIM while the AP is on?what |
Nothing. The FMGC controls the rudder. |
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What happens if you use the rudder trim RESET push-button while the AP is on?what is the mak |
Nothing. |
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What is the maximum speed brake extension with the autopilot on? |
Half speed brake |
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When is the speed brake inhibited? |
1. Flaps are FULL 2. AOA protection is active 3. ALPHA FLOOR is active 4. Thrust levers are above MCT 5. SEC 1 and 3 have failed 6. Elevator (L or R) failed (only spoilers 3 and 4 are inhibited) |
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If the speed brakes retract do you an inhibition and the speed brake lever stays in the extended position, will they extend again after the inhibition condition is gone? |
No. Once inhibited the SPEED BRAKE lever must be reset by returning it to the RET position. Speed brakes cannot be extended for 10 seconds or longer after the lever is reset. |
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Under normal, alternate, and direct law, what does the side stick command?if both pil |
Normal and alternate: -pitch: load factor -roll: roll rate Direct: -direct relationship |
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If both pilots move their side-stick simultaneously what is the signal that is sent to the flight computers? (Neither pilot presses the takeover pb) |
The signal comprises of the sim of the deflections and should not exceed the maximum deflection of a single side stick. |
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How do you know that both pilots have moved their controls simultaneously?what is the |
There would be an aural "dual input" warning and the green CA and FO would flash. |
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What is the recommended way to take the controls from the other pilot? |
Press the takeover push button. |
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If you lost side-stick authority, how do you regain control? |
The last pilot the presses the takeover pb is the one who regains authority. An aural "priority left" or right will sounds. |
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Under what circumstance is there a direct relationship between side-stick and flight control surface deflection? |
1. Ground mode 2. Direct law 3. Flare mode (<50' RA only pitch) |
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You are flying in clean configuration and you select flaps one. What do you get? |
In flight: CONF 1 On ground: CONF 1+F |
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You are flying in CONF 2, you select flaps 1, what do you get? |
CONF1+F |
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You see a red arrow pointing inboard on the FCU. What happened? |
The other pilot pressed the takeover pb. |
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What does ELAC 1 and 2 control? |
ELAC 1: primary is aileron, standby is elevator. ELAC 2: primary is elevator/THS, standby is aileron |
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How do you arm the speed brake? |
By pulling up on the lever in the RET position. |
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What does SEC stand for and how many are there? |
Spoiler Elevator Computer There are 3 |
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Under normal law, what do the SECs control? |
Primary: Spoiler control Standby: Elevator/THS (SEC 1 and 2 only backup the ELAC) |
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What does FAC stand for and how many are there? |
Flight Augmentation Computer There are 2 |
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What functions are performed by the FACs? |
Normal roll (turn coordination and yaw dampening) Rudder trim Rudder travel limit Alternate yaw Flight envelope calculations: -wind shear warning -low energy warning -alpha floor -speed tape calculations |
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Which spoiler surfaces perform roll functions, act as ground spoilers, and act as speed brakes? |
Roll: 2-5 (outboard 4) Ground spoilers: 1-5 (all) Speed brakes: 2-4 (middle 3) |
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What is the speed brake extension logic on a rejected takeoff? |
Armed: Speed > 72kts and TL idle Not armed: Speed > knots and reverse is selected on at least one engine |
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What is the speed brake extension logic on landing (full extension)? |
Armed: Both main gears on ground and idle on all engines Not armed: Both main gears on ground and reverse is selected on at least one engine. |
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What is the speed brake extension logic on landing (partial extension)? |
Partial extension: 10* One main gear strut compressed and reverse selected on at least one engine. |
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What is the ground spoiler retraction logic? |
They retract: -After landing or after a rejected takeoff when the ground spoilers are disarmed. ---note: if they were not armed, they would extend when reverse is selected and retract after idle is selected again. -Touch and go with at least one TL above 20* ---note: after bounce the spoilers remain extended with the TLs at idle. |
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What happens to the spoiler if a spoiler fault is detected in flight. |
The spoilers would automatically retract. |
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What happens if you try to trim the airplane in flight with the autopilot engaged? |
The autopilot will disconnect if the force on the pitch trim wheels exceeds a certain threshold. |
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When is the pitch trim reset to zero automatically?under normal law, |
It is reset to zero automatically after nose wheel touchdown as the pitch attitude becomes less than 2.5* for more than 5 seconds. |
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