Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abduction
|
Arms or legs move laterally, away from the midline of the body.
Movement occurs along the frontal plane |
|
Actin
|
The thin protein filament that makes up part of the myofibril
|
|
Adduction
|
a body segment moves medially toward the midline of the body.
Movement occurs along the frontal plane |
|
Agonist
|
Or PRIME MOVER, a muscle that is responsible for bringing about the movement (muscle contraction)
|
|
Anatomical Position
|
Occurs in a standing position where the trunk is erect, arms are at the side with palms forward, and legs are straight with the toes pointing forward.
|
|
Anatomy
|
The study of the structure of the human body
|
|
Angle of pull
|
The angle between the muscle insertion and the bone on which it inserts
|
|
Antagonist
|
the muscle that can slow down or stop the movement.
Works in opposition to the agonist. |
|
Anterior
|
Situated in front of or towards the front ( the front of the body or structure)
|
|
Appendicular skeleton
|
The portion of the skeleton that includes the arms, shoulders, legs and pelvis
|
|
Articular Capsule
|
Surrounds the joint that helps hold the bones together
|
|
Articulations
|
Also known as JOINTS. Refer to the joints of the body where the bones come together and where all movement of the skeletal system takes place
|
|
Axial Skeleton
|
The portion of the skeleton that includes the head, spinal column and chest
|
|
Axis
|
Also called the fulcrum (joints, articulations)
The point around which the lever rotates (joint) |
|
Base of Support
|
The region bound by the body parts in contact with a supporting surface
|
|
Biomechanics
|
the principles of movement mechanics
|
|
Bursa
|
Flat sacs of synovial fluid located between the skin and bone; tendon and bone; muscle and bone; ligament and bone, to cushion movement of one part of the body over another
|
|
Cardiac Muscle
|
The type of muscle that makes up the heart.
Striated in appearance, like skeletal muscle, however its contraction is not controled. |
|
Cartilage
|
Protects bones from constant friction caused by bone meeting bone
|
|
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrodial)
|
a joint that allows limited movement, mainly to absorb shock (slightly movable)
|
|
Centre of Mass
|
Imaginary point in the body where all the weight or mass seems to be centered ( the body's balance point)
|
|
Cervical
|
The neck area
|
|
Circumduction
|
a body part moves in a full circular path.
combines flexion, abduction, extension and adduction (in sequential order) |
|
Coccyx
|
Tailbone
|
|
Concentric
|
a contraction in which the muscle shortens
|
|
Condyloid (Biaxial)
|
a synovial joint that provides movement about axes, two perpendicular planes of motion
|
|
Contractility
|
the ability of muscle tissue to respond to nervous impulse by shortening and producing tension thereby, causing a pulling force on the bone.
|
|
Deep
|
Further from the surface of the body
|
|
Depression
|
Downward movement of the shoulder girdle
|
|
Distal
|
That structure located father from the trunk
|
|
Dorsal
|
The posterior or the back
|
|
Dorsiflexion
|
The top of the foot moves towards the shin
|
|
Eccentric
|
A contraction in which the muscle lengthens (isotonic)
|
|
Elasticity
|
The ability of the muscle tissue to return to its original shape after contraction or extension
|
|
Elevation
|
upward movement of the shoulder girdle
|
|
Eversion
|
The sole of the foot faces outward
|
|
Excitability
|
The ability of the muscle tissue to receive and respond to nervous or electrical stimuli
|
|
Extensibility
|
the ability of the muscle tissue to be stretched (extended)
|
|
Extension
|
The return of body parts to the anatomical position (movement occurs along the sagittal plane)
|
|
Fibro-Cartilage
|
Dense connective tissue that occupies the space between bones, protects from wear and tear, and provides shock absorption
|
|
Fibrous (synarthrodial)
|
a joint that is immoveable (the bones are fused together)
|
|
First class lever
|
The fulcrum is between the movement force and the resistance force
|
|
Flat bones
|
Ribs, pelvis, skull
Provide protection to internal structures |
|
Fleshy
|
Muscle fibres that are directly affixed to the bone
|
|
Flexion
|
Adjacent bones move together, thereby decreasing the angle between them
|
|
Forearm Pronation
|
Palm down position
|
|
Forearm Supination
|
Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is in an upward position
|
|
Frontal plane (Coronal)
|
Divides the body into front and back (also known as the coronal plane)
|
|
Fulcrum
|
Also known as the axis, the point around which the lever rotates
|
|
Hinge (uniaxial)
|
a joint that operates as a hinge with rotation about one plane of motion (one axis)
|
|
Horizontal abduction
|
movement of a limb away from the midline of the body along the horizontal or transverse plane
|
|
Horizontal adduction
|
Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body along the horizontal or transverse plane
|
|
Hyaline
|
smooth, elastic substance, covering the ends of the bones
Main function is to decrease friction and absorb shock |
|
Hyperextension
|
an extension movement continued beyond the anatomical position
|
|
Inertia
|
the resistance to a change in motion
|
|
Inferior
|
situated below or away from the head
|
|
Intervertebral disc
|
located between two vertebrae in the spine; acts to absorb shock when an increased load is placed on the vertebral column
|
|
inversion
|
The sole of the food faces inward
|
|
Irregular Bones
|
Bones, such as the vertebrae, that provide support for the body
|
|
Isometric
|
a contraction in which the muscle length stays the same, but still develops tension (the contractile force is equal to the resistive force)
|
|
Joint Cavity
|
Provides space for movement of the bones and contains synovial fluid to lubricate the hyaline cartilage
|
|
Lateral
|
away from the midline of the body or movement away from the midline.
|
|
Lateral flexion
|
Head or torso bends to the side (laterally)
|
|
Lever
|
a rigid or semi-rigid body that, when subjected to a force, rotates about an axis or fulcrum (the moving bone)
|
|
Ligaments
|
bands of fibrous tissue that connects bones together
|
|
Line of gravity
|
an imaginary vertical line passing through the centre of mass and the supporting surface
|
|
Long bones
|
Act as levers to move the body (e.g. bones in the arms and legs)
|
|
Lumbar
|
lower back region of the spine made up of five vertebrae
|
|
Medial
|
Toward the midline of the body or movement toward the midline
|
|
Midline
|
an imaginary line that runs down the middle of the body and divides it into equal left and right halves
|
|
Movement force
|
Force applied by the muscle during a contraction that can be adjusted
|
|
Muscle Fibre
|
Cells that make up the structure of a muscle and run the length of the muscle
|
|
Muscles
|
A collection of long fibres that usually join into a tendon at each end and insert into the bone of the skeleton
|
|
Musculoskeletal system
|
Gives the body its general shape, provides structural support, and protects the organs inside (made up of the skeleton and muscularture)
|
|
Myofibral
|
make up a muscle fibre
|
|
Myosin
|
the thick filament that makes up the myofibril
|
|
Palmar
|
The anterior surface of the hands
|
|
Perimysium
|
Connective tissue that wraps around the bundles of muscle fibres that make up the muscle
|
|
Pivot
|
Turning movement around the long central axis of the segment
|
|
Plantar
|
the bottom of the foot, the sole of the foot
|
|
Plantar flextion
|
the top of the foot moves away from the shin
|
|
Posterior
|
situated behind or towards the back (the back of the body or structure)
|
|
Prone
|
body horizontal with face down
|
|
Protration
|
abduction of the scapula
|
|
proximal
|
that structure located closer to the trunk
|
|
Resistance force
|
Force that can be decreased by a change in body composition as a result of weight loss
|
|
Retraction
|
Adduction of the scapula
|
|
Rotation
|
a body part moves around its own long axis ( occurs along the transverse plane)
|
|
Sacrum
|
a section of the spinal column that is made up of 5 bones that are fused together and is located in the midline region of the buttocks
|
|
Saddle
|
a synovial joint in which movement occurs in two planes of motion (one bone is positioned in the articular surface of the other)
|
|
Sagittal plane
|
a plane of motion that divides the body into right and left
|
|
Second class lever
|
the resistance force is between the fulcrum, on one end of the lever, and the movement force on the other end
|
|
Sesamoid bones
|
provide protection for internal joint structures (patella)
|
|
Short bones
|
Bones that give strength to mobile joints (i.e. bones of the wrist and ankle)
|
|
skeletal muscle
|
muscle that is striated in appearance, and can carry out a voluntary muscle contraction
|
|
Skeleton
|
bones and joint
|
|
sliding/plane (nonaxial)
|
a synovial joint in which motion is sliding rather than rotation about an axis
|
|
Sliding filament theory
|
during muscle contraction, the thin filaments slide over the thick filaments (like interlacing your fingers). This causes the muscle to shorten (myofibril) which in turn shortens the muscle fibre and creates movement
|
|
smooth muscle
|
non-striated in appearance, and involuntary muscle contractions; found in blood vessel walls, and internal organs
|
|
Stability
|
affects the body's ability to resist or go into motion (balance or equilibrium)
|
|
Stabilizers
|
a skeleton muscle that secures a joint or body segment while another movement takes place
|
|
Superficial
|
Closer to the surface or body
|
|
Superior
|
Situated above or towards the head (a structure that is higher than another)
|
|
Supine
|
body horizontal with face up
|
|
suture
|
fibrous joint between flat bones of the skull
|
|
synergist
|
a skeletal muscle that assists movement indirectly
|
|
Synovial joints
|
(diarthrodial)
allows considerable movement, occurring as a result of skeletal muscle contraction (freely movable) |
|
synovial membrane
|
Membrane that surrounds the joint cavity
|
|
Tendons (fibrous)
|
Continuous with both the muscle sheath and connective tissue surrounding the bone
Has additional fibers that extend into the bones, making for a very strong attachment |
|
Third class lever
|
The movement force is between the fulcrum and the resistance force
|
|
Thoracic
|
the area of the spinal column that contains 12 vertebrae and is located in the mid back and chest areas
|
|
Transverse plane
|
divides the body into upper and lower parts (horizontal)
|
|
Triaxial or multiaxial
|
Also known as ball and socket joint
movement is in three perpendicular planes of motion |
|
Upward rotation of scapula
|
scapula moves upward and laterally, a movement that accompanies shoulder joint abduction
|
|
Ventral
|
refers to the anterior or front
|
|
Vertebrae
|
Bones located in the spinal column that provide support and shape to the spine
|