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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
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• Fish refers to one or more individuals of the same species; ‘fishes’ refers to more than one species. |
• Aquatic vertebrate with gills, fins, and usually a skin covered with scales |
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•More than 28,000 living species of fish; this is more than all other species of vertebrates combined. |
• Fish dominate the world’s sea, lakes, and streams. |
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• Many animals that are called fish, really are not. Some animals that are not fish include: Jellyfish, cuttlefish, starfish, crayfish, and shellfish. |
• Likewise, Many animals that are fish, do not have the word fish in their name. Some animals that ARE fish include: seahorses, eels, sharks, rays, and skates. |
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• Fish are thought to be the most primative vertebrates. |
• Jawless fish belong to the superclass Agnatha meaning “no jaw” |
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• Lateral Line system: Fish have a system of canals in their skin that allow them to sense vibrations in the water. |
• The lateral line system is composed of neuromasts (receptors organs highly sensitive to vibration and water currents.) |
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• Ampullae of Lorenzini: organs located in a cartilaginous fish’s head and can detect the bioelectric fields generated by living animals (muscles) |
• Temperature control: poikilothermic ectotherms |
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• Poikilotherms: body temperature adjusts depending on the environment |
• Ectotherms are animals that primarily gains heat through the environment |
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• Fish belong to: - Kingdom Animalia - Phylum Chordata - Subphylum Vertebrata |
• Osteichthyes- bony fish (account for about 96% of all fish species) |
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• Chondrichthyes- Cartilaginous fish (sharks and their relatives) |
• Myxini- hagfish |
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• Petromyzontida- lampreys |
• Living jawless Fish- about 108 species divided between 2 classes. |
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• Class Myxini includes 70 species of hagfish |
• Hagfish are marine, bottom dwellers scavengers or predators that feed on dead or dying fish. |
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• Hagfish are blind and quickly attracted to dead/dying fish by their keen senses of smell and touch. |
• Hagfish produce enormous quantities of slime. |
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• When roughly handled, Hagfish excrete a milky fluid from special glands positioned along its body |
• When in contact with seawater, the fluid forms slime so slippery that the it is almost impossible to grasp. |
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• Class Petromyzontida includes 38 species of lampreys |
• Lampreys can be marine or freshwater, and free-living or parasitic |
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• Parasitic lampreys attach themselves to their host with a disc-shaped mouth and feed on the blood and body fluids of other fish. They inject an anticoagulant (like leeches) into the wound to promote blood flow. |
• Marine forms are anadromous: leave the sea where they spend their adult lives to swim up streams to spawn |
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• At spawning, the female attaches to a rock to maintain her position over a nest she makes |
• The male attaches to the dorsal side of her head. As eggs are shed into the nest, they are fertilized by the male |
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• body shaped - streamlined which allows them to move rapidly in water |
• Coloration- Most are countershaded in which the dorsal (top) surface is darker than the ventral (underneath) surface |
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• fins- membranous, wing-like or paddle-like organs attached to any of various parts of the body of the fish and some other aquatic animals; used for propulsion, steering, or balancing |
• Buoyancy- Bony Fish can store gases (in their swim bladder) and cartilaginous fish store lipids (in their liver) to maintain their vertical position in the water |
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• Circulation- have a two-chambered heart and single-loop blood circulation |
• Efficient respiration- have internal gills for gas exchange. Gills fan out in the water and have a lot of surface areas |
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• homeostasis- maintain concentrations of salt and water that differ from their surroundings |
Marine bony fishes are hypoosmotic |
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• Smallest shark: the Dwarf Lantern Shark (about 8 inches long) |
• Largest Shark: whale shark (Rhinodon typus) can grow to grow to 60 feet long |
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• Fastest Shark: the shortfin mako (isurus oxyrinchus); up to 20 m/h |
• The spiny dogfish Shark can live more than 100 years (average life span of most species is 20 years) |
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• Homocercal Tail : din appears symmetric |
• There are 3 different kinds of bony fish scales: |
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A. Cycloid- are circular and smooth |
B. Ctenoid- have a characteristic toothed edge |
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C. Ganoid- are diamond shaped, skinny and hard |
• Oviparous- regular like chicken eggs |
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• Ganoid - diamond shapes and hard |
• Cycloid - circular and smooth |
