Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Dogma of Biology = DNA ->RNA-> Protein
|
HIV violates the dogma, so do all retroviruses
|
|
Forerunners of the immune system
|
Lymphopoietic Cells
|
|
Large, amoeboid cells that function as phagocytes to initiate the immune process
|
Macrophages
|
|
Type of immunity resulting from activity of B-lymphocytes
|
Antibody mediated response
|
|
Prevents the immune process from becoming too exaggerated.
|
Suppressor T-lymphocyte
|
|
Also known as a T8 cell
|
Suppressor T-lymphocyte
|
|
Products of B-lymphocytes and plasma cells
|
Antibodies
|
|
Organ in the embryonic chick where b-lymphocytes are modified
|
Bursa of Fabricius
|
|
Type of immunity involving a direct assault on microorganisms by body cells
|
Cell mediated immunity
|
|
Site where T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are found
|
Spleen
|
|
General class of body cells to which lymphocytes belong
|
White blood cells
|
|
Attacks microorganisms but is less specialized than cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
|
Natural killer cells
|
|
Antigens present on all body cells that define a individual's uniqueness
|
MHC proteins
|
|
Also called a CD4 cell
|
Helper T-lymphocyte
|
|
Type of immunity resulting from activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes
|
Cell mediated immunity
|
|
Exerts a lethal hit on fungus infected and protozoa-infected cells
|
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
|
|
Composed of 4 chains of amino acids
|
Antibodies
|
|
Organ in which cells are modified to form T-lymphocytes
|
Thymus
|
|
Type of T-lymphocyte unaffected by HIV
|
Suppressor T-lymphocyte
|
|
A substance usually a protein or a polysaccharide which stimulates the immune system
|
Antigen
|
|
Located on the surface of unstimulated B-lymphocytes
|
Antibodies
|
|
Normally twice as common as suppressor T-lymphocytes
|
Helper T-lymphocytes
|
|
White blood cells that specialize in engulfing and destroying foreign materials
|
Phagocytes
|
|
First lymphocyte encountered by an antigen bearing macrophage
|
Helper T lymphocytes
|
|
Highly reactive proteins from helper T-lymphocytes that stimulate other lymphocytes
|
Lymphokines
|
|
Type of immunity involving activity of antibodies
|
Antibody mediated immunity
|
|
Special Y-shaped proteins composed of constant and variable regions. The variable region has a special configuration that matches that of the antigen and binds to it, the constant region helps to eliminate it.
|
Antibody
|
|
Antibody-generating substance, a substance that stimulates the immune response.
|
Antigen
|
|
Lymphocytes that are produced in the bone marrow. When stimulated by antigens, they are converted into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
|
B - Cells
|
|
Membrane-bound immunoglobulin on the surface of B cells that specifically recognizes intact antigen and triggers a B cell immune response
|
B cell antigen receptor
|
|
Blood-cell producing tissue inside the bones that makes the red (erythrocytes) and white (leukocytes) blood cells
|
Bone Marrow
|
|
The activation of T-cells, B-cells and other cells involved in the immune response.
|
Cell-mediated response
|
|
(interleukins, IL) growth factors and hormones that stimulate the division and maturation of leukocytes
|
Cytokines
|
|
Lymphocytes that, when exposed to an antigen, stimulate other immune-system responses. Cells with the T4 (CD4) antigen on their surface.
|
Helper T-cells
|
|
The production of antibodies by plasma (B) cells; the defense by fluids ("humors") the antibody response.
|
Humoral response
|
|
A substance produced by the body that inhibits viral DNA-RNA transcripts.
|
Interferon
|
|
A naturally occurring protein that functions as an immune-system activator.
|
Interleukin 2
|
|
Lymphocytes that directly kill viruses, bacteria or body cells infected with them. Cells with the T8 (CD8) antigen on their surface.
|
Killer t-cells or cytotoxic t cells
|
|
Secondary lymphoid organs found throughout the body that contain mature lymphocytes capable of responding to foreign antigens.
|
Lymph nodes
|
|
A grouping of white blood cells, which includes T-cells and B-cells.
|
Lymphocyte
|
|
Large phagocytic ("cell eating") white blood cells that engulf and destroy invaders or present them to other immune-system cells (antigen-presenting cells, APCs). Located in the tissues
|
Marophages
|
|
Specific cell surface proteins that characterize the tissue or cell as self or non-self. These proteins also help to regulate the immune response of the T-cells. In humans, they are coded for by a group of genes on the sixth chromosome.
|
MHC Proteins (Major histocompatibility complex)
|
|
Found on all nucleated cells, "self molecules"
|
Class I MHC
|
|
Found on macrophages, B and T cells.
|
Class II MHC
|
|
a population of B-cells that after exposure to an antigen the first time acquire a "molecular memory", so that on a second exposure to the same antigen they respond more quickly.
|
Memory cells
|
|
A phagocytic white blood cell that is circulating in the blood
|
Monocyte
|
|
Is immediate and general in nature; physical barriers such as the skin, chemicals such as lysozyme and the inflammatory response are involved in nonspecific responses.
|
Nonspecific Response
|
|
Any cell that can engulf other cells or substances.
|
Phagocyte
|
|
Antibody-producing B cell.
|
Plasma cell
|
|
An immune response to a specific antigen. This response can have a cell-mediated component and a humoral component (the production of antibodies).
|
Specific immune response
|
|
Diminishes/controls specific immune response. Carries the T8 (CD8) antigen on their surface
|
Suppressor T cells
|
|
Specifically recognizes processed antigens bound to MHC class I and II molecules.
|
T cell receptor
|
|
Primary lymphoid organ located above the heart from which T cells are derived.
|
Thymus
|