First Aid Rapid Review Classic Labs/findings

Front 1

Anticentromere antibodies

Back 1

Scleroderma (CREST)

Front 2

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

Back 2

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Front 3

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Back 3

Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage)

Front 4

Antihistone antibodies

Back 4

DRUG-induced SLE

Front 5

Anti-IgG antibodies

Back 5

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

Front 6

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

Back 6

1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

Front 7

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

Back 7

Vasculitis (Wegener's, microscopic polyangiitis, glomerulonephritis)

Front 8

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

Back 8

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

Front 9

Antiplatelet antibodies

Back 9

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis)

Front 10

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Back 10

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

Front 11

Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies

Back 11

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)

Front 12

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

Back 12

Auer rods (Acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the promyelocytic type)

Front 13

"Bamboo spine" on x-rays

Back 13

Anklosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

Front 14

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Back 14

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Front 15

Bloody tap on LP

Back 15

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 16

"Boot-shaped" heart on X-ray

Back 16

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

Front 17

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

Back 17

Actinomyces israelii

Front 18

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

Back 18

Pancoast's tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)

Front 19

"Brown" tumor of bone

Back 19

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:
1. Hyperparathyroidism
2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease of bone)

Front 20

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Back 20

Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

Front 21

Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule

Back 21

Rapidly progressive crsecentic glomerulonephritis

Front 22

"Chocolate cyst" of ovary

Back 22

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

Front 23

Circular grouping of dark tumor cell surrounding pale neurofibrils

Back 23

Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

Front 24

Colonies of mucoid Psuedomonas in lungs

Back 24

Cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation in Caucasians resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

Front 25

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

Back 25

Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilius)

Front 26

Depigmentation of neurons in substania nigra

Back 26

Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

Front 27

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Back 27

Curschmann's spiral (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

Front 28

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

Back 28

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

Front 29

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

Back 29

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

Front 30

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

Back 30

"Owl's eye" appearance of CMV

Front 31

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei

Back 31

"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

Front 32

Eosinophillic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

Back 32

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

Front 33

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

Back 33

Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)

Front 34

Eosinophilic globule in liver

Back 34

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

Front 35

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

Back 35

Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)

Front 36

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

Back 36

Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)

Front 37

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")

Back 37

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)

Front 38

Glomerulus-like structure surronding vessel in germ cells

Back 38

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

Front 39

"Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

Back 39

β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)

Front 40

hCG elevated

Back 40

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

Front 41

Heart nodules (inflammatory)

Back 41

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

Front 42

Heterophile antibodies

Back 42

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

Front 43

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in broncial secretions

Back 43

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

Front 44

High levels of D-Dimers

Back 44

DVT, PE, DIC

Front 45

"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray

Back 45

Interstitial fibrosis

Front 46

Hypersegment neutrophils

Back 46

Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate deficiency)

Front 47

Hypochromin, microcytic anemia

Back 47

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)

Front 48

Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Back 48

Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defect)

Front 49

Increased uric acid levels

Back 49

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics

Front 50

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Back 50

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever)

Front 51

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

Back 51

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: ↑chance of mesothelioma

Front 52

Large lysosomal vesicle in phagocytes, immunocompromised

Back 52

Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)

Front 53

Low serum ceruloplasmin

Back 53

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

Front 54

"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance on glomeruli on immunofluorescence

Back 54

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Front 55

Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray

Back 55

Multiple myeloma

Front 56

Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst

Back 56

Fibrocystic change of the breast

Front 57

Monoclonal antibody spike

Back 57

1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
3. Waldenstrom's (M protein =IgM) macroglobulinemia

Front 58

Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

Back 58

Bence Jones protein (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's (macroglobulinemia (IgM)

Front 59

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

Back 59

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

Front 60

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph

Back 60

"String-sign" (Crohn's disease)

Front 61

Needle-shaped, negatively bifringent crystals

Back 61

Gout (hyperuricemia)

Front 62

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

Back 62

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

Front 63

"Nutmeg" appearance of liver

Back 63

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

Front 64

"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction

Back 64

Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

Front 65

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

Back 65

Codman's triangle on x-ray (osterosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

Front 66

Podocyte fusion on EM

Back 66

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

Front 67

Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

Back 67

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

Front 68

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

Back 68

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's dosease and CJD)

Front 69

Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement

Back 69

Glioblastoma multiforme

Front 70

RBC casts in urine

Back 70

Acute glomerulonephritis

Front 71

Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells

Back 71

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

Front 72

Renal epithelial casts in urine

Back 72

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

Front 73

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

Back 73

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)

Front 74

Rib notching

Back 74

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 75

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)

Back 75

Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV)

Front 76

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

Back 76

Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia. Similar to Alzheimer's)

Front 77

Small granulomatous lesion in lungs (can calcify)

Back 77

Ghon focus (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

Front 78

Small, round RBC inclusions

Back 78

Heinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, α-thalassemia, chronic liver disease

Front 79

"Soap bubble" on X-ray

Back 79

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

Front 80

"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" endothelial deposits

Back 80

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

Front 81

Stacks of RBC

Back 81

Rouleaux formation (high ESR: multiple myeloma)

Front 82

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

Back 82

"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Front 83

"Tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

Back 83

Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

Front 84

Thrombi made of white-red layers

Back 84

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

Front 85

"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray

Back 85

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

Front 86

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

Back 86

Chronic bacteria pyelonephritis

Front 87

"Tram-tracks" appearance on LM

Back 87

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 88

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

Back 88

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

Front 89

WBCs that look "smudged"

Back 89

CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)

Front 90

"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM

Back 90

Lupus nephropathy

Front 91

Yellow CSF

Back 91

Xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)