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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Case Control Study
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Compares a group of people with disease to a group without.
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Cohort Study
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Compares a group with a given risk factor to a group without to assess whether the risk factor increases the likelihood of disease.
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Cross-sectional Study
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Collects data from a group of people to assess frequency of disease (and related risk factors) at a particular point in time.
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Clinical Trial phases
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I- Is it safe?
II- Does it work? III- Is it better than the standard of care? IV-Post-marketing reports. |
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Specificity
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SP= TN/(TN+FP)
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Sensitivity
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SN= TP/(TP+FN)
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Positive Predictive Value
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PPV= TP/(TP+FP)
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Negative Predictive Value
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NPV=TN/(TN+FN)
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Number Needed to Treat
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NNT=1/absolute risk reduction
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Pygmalian effect
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Occurs when a researcher's belief in the efficacy of a treatment changes the outcome of the treatment.
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Hawthorne effect
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Occurs when the group being studied changes its behavior owing to the knowledge of being studied.
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Standard Deviations
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1 sd- 68%
1.645 sd-90% 2 sd- 95% 3 sd- 99.7% |
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T-test
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Checks difference between means of two groups
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ANOVA
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Checks difference between means of 3 or more groups
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Chi square
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Compares proportions
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Leading cause of death in Ages 65+
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Heart disease
Cancer Stroke |
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Leading cause of death in infants
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Congenital anomalies
Low birth weight SIDS |
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Causes of death in Ages 15-24
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Injuries
Homicides Suicides |
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What is therapeutic privilege?
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Withholding information when disclosure would severely harm the patient or undermine informed decision-making capacity
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The Tarasoff decision
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Law requiring physician to directly inform and protect potential victim form harm. May breach confidentiality
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A.P.G.A.R.
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Appearance
Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration |
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Kubler-Ross grief stages
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Denial
Anger Bargaining Grieving (depression) Acceptance D.eath A.rrives B.ringing G.rave A.djustments |
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What drug is used to treat enuresis?
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Imipramine
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What stage do benzos shorten and why is this useful?
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They shorten stage IV so they are good for night terrors and sleepwalkers.
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