First Aid Psych 2-1 Psychotic Disorders

Front 1

1. Psychosis?

Back 1

a. A general term used to describe a distorted perception of reality.
b. Psychosis is exemplified by either delusions, hallucinations, or severe disorganization of thought/behaviour.

Front 2

2. Delusions?

Back 2

a. Delusions are fixed, false beliefs that cannot be altered by rational arguments and cannot be accounted for by the cultural background of the individual.
b. Can be categorized as either bizarre or nonbizzare. (i.e. could be true or just isn’t).

Front 3

3. Delusions of persecution/paranoid delusions?

Back 3

a. Irrational beliefs that one is being persecuted.
b. i.e. The CIA is after me and tapped my phone.

Front 4

4. Delusions: Ideas of reference?

Back 4

a. Belief that cues in the external environment are uniquely related to the individual.
b. i.e. Jesus is speaking to me through TV characters.

Front 5

5. Delusions of control?

Back 5

a. Includes THOUGHT BROADCASTING (belief that one’s thoughts can be heard by others) and THOUGHT INSERTION (belief that other people thoughts are being placed in one’s head.

Front 6

6. Delusions of grandeur?

Back 6

a. Belief that one has special powers beyond those of a normal person.
b. i.e. “I am the all powerful son of God”

Front 7

7. Delusions of guilt?

Back 7

a. False belief that one is guilty or responsible for something.
b. i.e. I am responsible for all the world’s wars.

Front 8

8. Somatic delusions?

Back 8

a. False belief that one is infected w/a disease or has a certain illness.

Front 9

9. Illusion?

Back 9

a. Misinterpretation of an existing sensory stimulus (such as mistaking a shadow for a cat).

Front 10

10. Hallucinations?

Back 10

a. Sensory perception w/out an actual external stimulus.

Front 11

11. Most commonly exhibited hallucinations by schizos?

Back 11

a. Auditory.

Front 12

12. Visual hallucinations?

Back 12

a. Less common in schizophrenics.
b. May accompany drug intoxication, drug and etoh withdrawal, or delirium.

Front 13

13. Olfactory hallucinations?

Back 13

a. Usually an aura associated w/epilepsy.

Front 14

14. Tactile hallucinations?

Back 14

a. Usually secondary to drug abuse or alcohol withdrawal.

Front 15

15. DSM-IV criteria for psychotic disorder secondary to a general medical condition include?

Back 15

a. Prominent hallucinations or delusions
b. Sx do not occur only during episode of delirium
c. Evidence to support medication or substance-related cause from lab, data, hx, or physical.
d. Disturbance is not better accounted for by a psychotic disorder that is not substance induced.

Front 16

16. Quickly distinguish between a delusion, illusion, and hallucination?

Back 16

a. A delusion is a false belief.
b. Illusion is misinterpretation of an external stimuli
c. Hallucination is perception in the absence of an external stimulus.

Front 17

17. What should you look for in an elderly, medically ill pt who presents w/psychotic sx such as hallucinations, confusion, or paranoia?

Back 17

a. Should be carefully evaluated for delirium, which is a far more common finding in this population.

Front 18

18. Schizophrenia?

Back 18

a. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by a constellation of abnormalities in thinking, emotion, and behaviour.
b. There is no single sx that is pathognomonic, and there is a diverse clinical presentation.
c. It is usually chronic, w/significant psychosocial and medical consequences.

Front 19

19. Time frame to make diagnosis of schizophrenia?

Back 19

a. >6 months.

Front 20

20. Positive sx of schizophrenia?

Back 20

a. Hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behaviour, disorganized speech.
b. These tend to respond more robustly to the current antipsychotic medications.

Front 21

21. Negative sx?

Back 21

1. Blunted affect
2. Anhedonia
3. Apathy
4. Alogia (poverty of speech)
5. Lack of interest in socialization.
b. These sx are often tx resistant and contribute significantly to the social isolation of schizophrenic pts.

Front 22

22. Cognitive sx of schizophrenia?

Back 22

a. Impairment in attention, executive function, and working memory.
b. These sx may -> poor work and school performance.

Front 23

23. 3 phases of schizophrenia?

Back 23

1. Prodromal
2. Psychotic
3. Residual

Front 24

24. Prodromal sx of schizophrenia?

Back 24

a. Decline in functioning that precedes the first psychotic episode.
b. The pt may become socially withdrawn and irritable.
c. He or she may have physical complaints and/or newfound interest in religion or the occult.

Front 25

25. Psychotic phase of schizo?

Back 25

a. Perceptual disturbances, delusions, and disordered thought process/content.

Front 26

26. Residual phase of schizophrenia?

Back 26

a. Occurs between episodes of psychosis.
b. It is marked by flat affect, social withdrawal, and odd thinking or behaviour (negative sx).
c. Pts can continue to have hallucinations even w/tx.

Front 27

27. Features of Catatonic schizophrenics?

Back 27

a. Stereotyped movement
b. Bizarre posturing
c. Muscle rigidity

Front 28

28. When is Clozapine considered?

Back 28

a. Typically considered when a pt fails both typicals and atypicals.

Front 29

29. DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of Schizophrenia?

Back 29

a. 2 or more of the following must be present for at least 1 month
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour.
5. Negative sx (such as flattened affect).
b. Note: Only 1 of the above sx are required if delusions are bizarre or hallucinations consists of a voice keeping up a running commentary on the person’s behaviour or thoughts, or 2 or more voices conversing w/each other.
c. Must cause significant social or occupational functional deterioration
d. Duration of illness for at least 6 months (including prodromal or residual periods in which above criteria may not be met).
e. Sx not due to other causes.

Front 30

30. 5 subtypes of Schizophrenia (just to prep)?

Back 30

1. Paranoid
2. Disorganized
3. Catatonic
4. Undifferentiated
5. Residual.