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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the clinical symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy?
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increased freq. of urination
nocturia difficulty starting and stopping the stream of urine dysuria |
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What are the useful tumor markers for frostatic adenocarcinoma?
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prostatic acid phosphatase
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) |
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What is the most common precursor of choriocarcinoma?
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hydatidiform mole
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What levels are high in a woman w/ a hydatidiform mole?
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beta-hCG
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What is the genotype of a complete mole?
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46, XX
completely paternal in origin |
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Which may contain fetal parts?
Complete mole or Partial mole? |
partial mole
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What is the triad of preeclampsia?
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HTN, proteinurea, edema
(eclampsia = preeclampsia + seizures) |
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What are the complications of pregnancy?
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arbrupto placentae
placenta accreta placenta previa ectopic pregnancy |
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endometrosis
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non-neoplastic endometrial glands/stroma in abnormal locations outside the uterus
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adenomyosis
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endometrosis within the myometrium
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endometrial hyperplasia
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abnormal endometrial gland proliferation
usually caused by excess estrogen stimulation |
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What does endometiral hyperplasia increase the risk of?
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endometrial carcinoma
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What is the most common gynecologic malignancy?
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endometrial carcinoma
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What are the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma?
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prolonged estrogen use, obesity, diabetes, HTN
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What is the most common tumor of all females?
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leiomyoma
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Why do leiomyomas increase in size with pregnancy and decrease in size with menopause?
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leiomyomas are estrogen sensitive
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Can leiomyomas progress leiomyocarcomas?
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no
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Do leiomyosarcomas arise from leiomyomas?
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no
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polycystic ovarin syndrome
(aka Stein-Leventhal syndrome) |
may be caused by excess excretion of LH
characterized by amenorrhea, infertility, obesity, hirsutism |
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What are the 4 types of ovarian cysts?
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follicular
corpus luteum Theca-lutein "Chocolate" |
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follicular cysts
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distention of unruptured graafian follicle
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corpus luteum cyst
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hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
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Theca-lutein cyst
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due to gonadotropin stimulation
associtated w/ choriocarcinoma and moles |
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"Chocolate" cyst
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blood-containing cysts from ovarian endometriosis
varies w/ menstural cycle |
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dysgerminoma
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malignant germ cell tumor
(analogus to male seminoma) |
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yolk sac tumor
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produces alpha-fetoprotein
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choriocarcinoma
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increases hCG
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teratoma
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90% of all germ cell tumors of the ovary
contains all 3 germ layers |
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Which type of teratoma is malignant?
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immature teratoma
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Which type of teratoma is benign?
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mature teratoma
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What are the 3 forms of teratomas?
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immature
mature monodermal |
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Which form of teratoma contains only a single tissue element?
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monodermal teratoma
most common is struma ovarii (entirely thyroid tissue) |
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granulosa cell tumor
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secretes estrogen -> precocious puberty in kids
can cause endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma in adults Call-Exner bodies |
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fibroadenoma
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the most common tumor of women <25 years old
benign tumor of the breast small, mobile, firm mass w/ sharp edges increases in size and tenderness w/ pregnancy not a precursor to breast cancer |
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cystosarcoma phyllodes
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benign tumor of the breast
large, bulky mass of connective tissue and cysts may have "leaf-like" projections |
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intraductal papilloma
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benign tumor of the breast
tumor of lactiferous ducts presents w/ nipple discharge |
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What are the risk factors for developing breast cancer?
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gender
age early 1st menarche (<12 years old) delayed 1st pregnancy (>30 years old) late menopause (>50 years old) family history of 1st degree relative w/ breast cancer at young age |
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Is the risk of developing breast cancer increased by fibroadenoma?
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no
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Is the risk of developing breast cancer increased by nonhyperplastic cysts?
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no
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