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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
COPD
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obstruction of air flow -> air trapping in lungs
low FEV1/FVC ratio (hallmark) |
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chronic bronchitis
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"blue bloater"
productive cough for >3 months in 2 or more years hypertrophy of mucus-secreating glands in the bronchioles leading cause is smoking |
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emphysema
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"pink puffer"
destruction of alveolar walls -> enlargement of airspaces and decreased recoil caused by smoking and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency -> increased elastase activity |
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asthma
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bronchial hyperresopnsiveness -> reversible bronchoconstriction
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bronchiectasis
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chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi -> dilated airways, purulent sputum, recurrent infections, hemoptysis
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Which COPD disease is associated w/ Curschmann's spirals?
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asthma
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Which COPD disease is associated w/ Kartagener's syndrome?
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bronchiectasis
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Which COPD disease is associated w/ alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency?
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emphysema
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Which COPD disease is associated w/ cystic fibrosis?
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bronchiectasis
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restrictive lung disease
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restricted lung expansion -> decreased lung volumes (VC and TLC)
FEV1/FVC > 80% |
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abestosis
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diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis caused by inhaled asbestos fibers
feruginous bodies, ivory-white pleural plaques |
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Abestosis increases the risk of what?
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pleural mesothelioma, bronchogenic carcinoma
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Asbestosis and smoking greatly increase the risk of what type of cancer?
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bronchogenic cancer
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Asbestosis is typically seen in what population?
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shipbuilders, plumbers
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neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
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surfactant deficiency -> increased surface tension -> alveolar collapse
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What is the lectin:spingomyelin ratio in the amniotic fluid in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
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<1.5
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What is the treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
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maternal steroids before birth, artificial surfactant for infant
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Kartagener's syndrome
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dynein arm defect -> immotile cilia
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What disease is Kartagener's syndrome associated with?
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situs inversus
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What types of bronchogenic carcinomas arise centrally?
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squamous cell carcinoma
small cell carcinoma |
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What types of bronchogenic carcinomas arise peripherally?
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adenocarcinoma
bronchioalveolar carcinoma large cell carcinoma |
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Small cell carcinoma of the lung may lead to what syndrome?
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Lambert-Eaton syndrome
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What are the complications of lung cancer?
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(SPHERE)
Superior vena cava syndrome Pancoast's tumor Horner's syndrome Endocrine (paraneoplastic) Recurrent laryngeal symptoms (hoarseness) Effusions (pleural or pericardial) |
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Pancoast's tumor
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carcinoma that occurs in the apex of lungs
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What can Pancoast's tumor affect?
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cervical sympathetic plexus -> Horner's syndrome
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lobar pneumonia
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most frequently caused by pneumococcus
intra-alveolar exudate -> consoldiation |
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bronchopneumonia
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most frequently S. aureus, H. flu, Klebsiella, S. pyobenes
acute inflammatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli patchy distribution involving >= 1 lobes |
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interstitial (atypical) pneumonia
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most frequently caused by viruses (RSV, adenoviruses), Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia
diffuse patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls distribution involving >= 1 lobes |
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Which type of pneumonia involves intra-alveolar exudate?
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lobar
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Which type of pneumonia is most frequently caused by viruses?
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interstitial
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Which type of pneumonia is most frequently caused by Pneumococcus?
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lobar
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Which type of pneumonia is most frequently caused by S. aureus?
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bronchopneumonia
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Which type of pneumonia is most frequently caused by mycoplasma?
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interstitial
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Which type of pneumonia is most frequently caused by S. pyogenes?
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bronchopneumonia
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Which type of pneumonia is most frequently caused by H. flu?
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bronchopneumonia
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Which type of pneumonia is most frequently caused by Chlamydia?
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interstitial
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Which type of pneumonia is most frequently caused by Legionella?
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interstitial
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Which type of pneumonia is most frequently caused by Klebsiella?
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bronchopneumonia
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