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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Self Aid? |
Emergency treatment one applies to oneself
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Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment |
* Bayonet
* Rifle * Entrenching tool * Tent poles and stakes * Web belt |
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What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg?
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Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg
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How many pressure points, which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body? |
11
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What is the object of first aid?
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1. To stop bleeding |
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What FM covers first aid for soldiers?
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FM 4-25.11
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What is First Aid?
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It is the first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel can be made available
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What is the unique feature of type "O" blood?
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It is a universal donor
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When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound?
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If in a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound
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What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries?
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Soldiers not accustomed to the heat, overweight soldiers, prior heat casualties, and soldiers already dehydrated due to alcohol use, diarrhea, or lack of water (insufficient use of)
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How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?
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2 to 4 inches
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What are the lifesaving steps? (The ABC's of medical treatment)
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1. Open the airway and restore breathing
2. Stop the bleeding / Protect the wound 3. Prevent shock |
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Whose first aid dressing should be used on a casualty?
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Use the casualty’s field dressing.
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What is manual pressure?
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If bleeding continues after applying the sterile field dressing, direct manual pressure may be used to help control bleeding. Apply such pressure by placing a hand on the dressing and exerting firm pressure for 5 to 10 minutes. The casualty may be asked to do this himself if he is conscious and can follow instructions.
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Should a casualty be given water to drink?
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He should not eat or drink
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Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible?
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To protect the wound from further contamination of germs, and also to control the bleeding
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What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet?
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Mark his or her forehead with a T and if possible, note the time of the application of the tourniquet
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Should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet?
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No, only qualified medical personnel can do that
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Where is a tourniquet applied?
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Place the tourniquet around the limb, between the wound and the body trunk (or between the wound and the heart). Never place it directly over a wound, a fracture, or joint. Tourniquets, for maximum effectiveness, should be placed on the upper arm or above the knee on the thigh.
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Name 3 categories of heat injuries
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1. Heat cramps
2. Heat exhaustion 3. Heat stroke |
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If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use for opening an airway?
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The jaw thrust technique, because in most cases it can be done without extending the neck
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What are two basic types of fractures?
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1. Open (compound)
2. Closed (simple) |
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What are some signs of an open fracture?
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* Bleeding.
* Bones sticking through the skin. * Check for pulse. |
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With an open fracture, what should you do first?
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Stop the bleeding
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What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
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"Splint them where they lie"
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What are the three types of bleeding?
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1. Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with each heart beat
2. Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream 3. Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound |
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What are some signs/symptoms of shock?
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* Clammy skin (cool, pale and damp)
* Restlessness and nervousness * Thirst * Loss of blood * Confusion * Fast breathing * Nausea or vomiting * Blotched or bluish skin (especially around the mouth and lips) * Often perspires freely * May pass out. |
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What is the treatment for shock?
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“P.E.L.C.R.N.” (Pronounced Pell-Crin)
* Position the casualty on their back * Elevate the Legs * Loosen clothing at neck waist or wherever it is binding * Climatize (prevent too hot or too cold) * Reassure (keep the casualty calm) * Notify medical personnel (Help, Get a medic!!) |
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How do you stop bleeding?
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* Apply a field dressing
* Manual pressure * Elevate the limb * Apply a pressure dressing * Digital Pressure * Apply a tourniquet |
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What is CPR?
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is used to restore a heart beat
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Name two types of rescue breathing
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1. Mouth to mouth
2. Mouth to nose |
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When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?
When the casualty has a: |
* Head injury
* Abdominal wound * Fractured (unsplinted) leg |
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How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding?
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5 to 10 minutes
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What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty?
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Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit
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When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?
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As a last resort when everything else has failed or when an arm or leg has been severed off
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What does COLD stand for?
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It is a key word in cold weather protection, it stands for Keep it CLEAN, Avoid OVERHEATING, Wear it LOOSE and in layers and Keep it DRY
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What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty?
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Check for:
1. Responsiveness 2. Breathing 3. Pulse 4. Bleeding 5. Shock 6. Fractures 7. Burns 8. Possible concussions (head injuries) |
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What is the first indication of frostbite?
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Skin becomes numb and white particles/patches form on it
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What do you do to treat frostbite?
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Remove clothing from the affected area, warm with body heat, dress the area and seek additional medical help
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How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound?
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On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure
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When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?
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As the individual breathes out
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What do you do with exposed abdominal organs?
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Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen (never try to put them back in)
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How do you take the Carotid pulse?
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Carotid pulse. To check the carotid pulse, feel for a pulse on the side of the casualty’s neck closest to you. This is done by placing the tips of your first two fingers beside his Adam’s apple.
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In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the two-man methods?
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* Two-Man Support Carry
* Two-Man Arms Carry * Two-Man Fore-and Aft-Carry * Four-Hand Seat Carry * Two-Hand Seat Carry |
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In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the one-man methods?
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* Fireman's carry
* Supporting carry * Arms Carry * Saddleback carry * Pack-strap carry * Pistol belt carry * Pistol belt drag * Neck drag * LBE Carry Using Bearers LBE * LBE Carry Using Casualty’s LBE * Cradle Drop Drag |
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Name the four types of burns
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1. Thermal
2. Electrical 3. Chemical 4. Laser |
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What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns?
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Lessen or prevent shock and infection
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What are the three categories used in medical evacuation?
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1. Urgent- within 2 hours
2. Priority- within 4 hours 3. Routine- within 24 hours |
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What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening an airway?
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1. The jaw thrust |
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what is a combat lifesaver? |
This is a US Army program governed by |
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What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps? |
1. 1. Cramping in the extremities (arms and legs)2. Abdominal Cramps (stomach) 3. Excessive Sweating |
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What is the treatment for heat cramps? |
1. Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
2. Loosen his clothing (if not in a chemical environment) In a chemical environment, transport the heat casualty to a non-contaminated area as soon as the mission permits. 3. Have him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water. (The body absorbs cool water faster than warm or cold water; therefore, cool water is preferred if it is available.) 4. Seek medical assistance should cramps continue. |
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What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion? |
1. Excessive sweating with pale, moist, cool skin
2. Headache 3. Weakness 4. Dizziness 5. Loss of appetite 6. Cramping 7. Nausea (with or without vomiting) 8. Urge to defecate 9. Chills (Gooseflesh) 10. Rapid Breathing 11. Tingling of Hands/Feet 12. Confusion |
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Treatment for heat exhaustion |
1. Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
2. Loosen or remove his clothing and boots (unless in a chemical environment); pour water on him and fan him. 3. Have him slowly drink at least one canteen of water. 4. Elevate his legs. 5. If possible, the casualty should not participate in strenuous activity for the remainder of the day. 6. Monitor the casualty until the symptoms are gone, or medical assistance arrives. |
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What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke? 1. |
1. Skin is red, hot and dry
2. Weakness 3. Dizziness 4. Confusion 5. Headaches 6. Seizures 7. Nausea 8. Stomach pains or cramps 9. Respiration and pulse may be rapid and weak. 10. Unconsciousness and collapse may occur suddenly. |
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What would the treatment be for heat stroke? Cool casualty immediately by— |
What would the treatment be for heat stroke? Cool casualty immediately by— 1. Moving him to a cool, shady area or improvising shade if none is available.2. Loosening or removing his clothing (except in a chemical environment). 3. Spraying or pouring water on him; fanning him to permit the coolant effect of evaporation. 4. Massaging his extremities and skin, which increases the blood flow to those body areas, thus aiding the cooling process. 5. Elevating his legs. 6. Having him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water if he is conscious. 7. Seek medical assistance immediately |
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What are some signs/symptoms of shock?
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* Clammy skin (cool, pale and damp)
* Restlessness and nervousness * Thirst * Loss of blood * Confusion * Fast breathing * Nausea or vomiting * Blotched or bluish skin (especially around the mouth and lips) * Often perspires freely * May pass out. |