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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glycolysis
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Phosphofructokinase-1 (fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate)
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Gluconeogenesis
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Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate)
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TCA cycle
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase (isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate)
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Glycogen synthesis
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Glycogen synthase (UDP glucose to glycogen)
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Glycogenolysis
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Glycogen phosphorylase (glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate)
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HMP shunt
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G6PD (G6P to 6-phosphogluconolactone)
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De novo pyrimidine synthesis
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Carbamoyl phosphate synthase II (C02 + glutamine to carbamoyl phosphate)
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De novo purine synthesis
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Glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase
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Urea cycle
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Carabomoyl phosphate synthase I (C02 + NH4 to carbamoyl phosphate)
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Fatty acid synthesis
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AcetylCoA Carboxylase (acetyl CoA to Malonyl-CoA, requires biotin)
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Fatty acid oxidation
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Carnitine acyltransferase I
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Ketogenesis
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HMG-CoA synthase (Acetoacetyl-CoA to HMG-CoA)
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Cholesterol synthesis
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HMG-CoA reductase (HMG to Mevalonate)
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Phenylalanine
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Tyrosine via phenylalanine hydroxylase + BH4 (THB - converted from DHB by dihyrdropterin reductase)
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Tyrosine
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Thyroxine
Dopa (via tyrosine hydroxylase + BH4. Inhib by metryrosine) |
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Dopa
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Melanin (via tyrosinase)
Dopamine (via dopadecarboxylase + B6. Inhib by carbidopa and reserpine) |
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Dopamine
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Norepi (via dopamine beta hydroxylase + vit C)
HVA (MAO and COMT) |
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Norepinephrine
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Epinephrine (via PNMT + SAM. Inhib by cortisol)
VMA (MAO and COMT) |
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Epinepherine
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Metanephrine (MAO and COMT)
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What is THB an important cofactor for?
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The synthesis of tyrosine, dopa, serotonin, and NO. Can be decreased in PKU = "malignant PKU"
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Tryptophan
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Niacin (+B6)
Serotonin (+BH4) |
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Serotonin
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Melatonin
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Histidine
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Histamine (+B6)
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Glycine
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Porphyrine (+B6 - goes on to make heme)
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Arginine
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Creatinine (depends on SAM)
Urea Nitric Oxide |
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Glutamine
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GABA (via glutamate decarboxylase + B6)
Glutathione |
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Methionine
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Homocysteine (SAM)
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Homocysteine
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Methionine (via Homocysteine methyltransferase +B12 and THF)
Cystathionine (via cystathionine synthase + B6) |
