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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
DNA polymerase III vs I
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III--5'->3' synthesis, 3'->5' exonuclease (proofread); I--degrades RNA primer (5'->3' exonuclease), fills in gap w/DNA
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None
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nucleotide excision repair vs base excision repair
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nuc--releases damaged OLIGOnucleotides (ex, in XP); base--specific glycosylases recognize and remove damaged BASES
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alpha-amanitin
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poison from a mushroom; inhibits euk RNA pol II (mRNA); initially GI problems, rapidly results in death
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different RNAs of the euk RNA polymerases
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RNA pol I--rRNA; RNA pol ii--mRNA; RNA pol III--tRNA
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mRNA stop codons
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UGA, UAG, UAA
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site where negative gene expression regulators bind
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operator
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amino acid binds to which end of tRNA?
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3' end (CCA end)
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I cell dz
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failure of addition of mannose-6-phosphate to lysosome enzymes-->enzymes secreted outside cell; get coarse facial features, clouded corneas, restricted jnt movement, high plasma lysosomal enzymes; often fatal in childhood
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vesicular trafficking protein--COPI-->
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retrograde, Golgi->ER
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vesicular trafficking protein COPII--> ?
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anterograde, RER->cis-Golgi
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vesicular trafficking protein clathrin--> ?
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trans-Golig-> lysosome, plasma membrane-> endosomes
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type III collagen
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reticulin; in skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue. Most common type of Ehrlos-Danlers involves this
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type IV collagen found where?
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basement membrane, basal lamina
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steps of collagen synthesis
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1. synthesis of preprocollagen (rER); 2. hydroxylation (ER, requires vit C); 3. glycosylation (Golgi); 4. exocytosis (still as procollagen); 5. proteolytic processing (tropocollagen); 6. crosslinking (lysyl oxidase, collagen fibrils)
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which type of osteogenesis imperfecta is fatal in utero or in neonate?
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type II
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vimentin stains?
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connective tissue
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desmin stains?
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muscle
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cytokeratin stains?
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epithelial cells
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all enzymes except 1 of TCA are WHERE and where/what is the exception?
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all but succinate DH are in mitochondrial MATRIX; succinate DH is in inner mitochondrial membrane (along with ETC)
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irreversible enzymes in gluconeogenesis (4)
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pyruvate carboxylase (mit; pyruvate->oxaloacetate); PEP carboxykinase (cyt; oxalo->PEP); F1,6BPase (cyt; F1,6BP->F6P); G6Pase (er, G6P->glucose)
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most potent activator of PFK? (rate limiter of glycolysis)
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F2,6BP (overrides inhibition by ATP, citrate)
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what are the only purely ketogenic amino acids?
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lysine, leucine
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how much ATP produced per acetyl CoA in TCA cycle?
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12 (3/NADH, 2/FADH2, 1/GTP)
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what is rotenone
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fish poison that complexes with NADH DH (complex I of ETC); NADH accumulates; but can still get electrons into ETC from FADH2
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what is antimycin A?
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abx that blocks passage of electrons through cytochrome b-c1 complex (ETC)
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why is cyanide poisonous?
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combines with cytochrome oxidase and blocks electrons->O2 in ETC; (CO does this also)
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what is dinitrophenol (2,4DNP)?
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ionophore that uncouples ETC
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what is the enzyme of the irrerversible/oxidative reaction of PPP (HMP shunt)?
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glucose phosphate DH
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what is the enzyme of the reversible/nonoxidative reaction in PPP (HMP shunt)?
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transketolase (requires thiamine)
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essential fructosuria
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defect in fructokinase (F->F1P); however, this is benign and asymptomatic, only get fructose in blood and urine
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aldolase B deficiency--> ?
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(AR) fructose intolerance; F1P accumulates and decreases available phosphate. This inhibits glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis; get hypoglycemia, jaundice, cirrhosis, vomiting
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which 5 essential amino acids are glucogenic?
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met, thr, val, arg, his
(Argh, This Here Mnemonic is Vile) |
None
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which essential amino acids are glucogenic and ketogenic?
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Ile, Phe, Trp
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Phe is precursor for?
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tyrosine, thyroxine, DOPA, melanin, DA, NE, Epi
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Tryptophan is precursor for?
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niacin, serotonin, melatonin
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glycine is precursos for?
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porphyrin; (succinyl CoA+ glycine-> ALA, via ALA synthetase)
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None
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arginine is precursor for?
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creatine, NO, urea
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glutamate is precursor for?
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GABA, your mom
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cystinuria is inherited defect for renal transport of which amino acids?
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cystine, ornithine, lysine, arginine
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which GLUT is insulin responsive?
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GLUT 4 (adipose, sk mm)
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which GLUT is in RBCs, brain?
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GLUT 1
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GLUT 2 is where?
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beta islet cells, liver, kidney
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which enzyme affected in a)Pb poisoning b) AIP c) PCT
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a)ferrochelatase, ALA dehydrase; b) porphobilinogen deaminase (formerly known as: uroporphyrinogen I synthase); c) uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
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None
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