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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What Army manual covers first aid for soldiers?
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FM 21-11
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What is first aid?
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It's the first care given to injured soldiers before medical personnel are available
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What are the four life saving steps?
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1. Clear the airway and restore breathing
2. Stop the bleeding 3. Treat and dress the wounds to prevent infection. 4. Prevent shock. |
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What are the three types of bleeding and how are they recognized?
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Arterial-blood is bright red and spurts with the heartbeat.
Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream. Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound. |
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How do you stop bleeding?
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Apply a field dressing.
Apply manual pressure. Elevate the injured limb. Apply a pressure dressing. Apply a tourniquet. |
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Whose first aid dressing should be used on the casualty?
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The casualty's bandage.
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When shoud a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?
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As a last resort when everything else has failed to stop the bleeding, or when an arm or leg has been cut off.
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What are the four types of burns?
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Electrical, thermal, chemical, and laser.
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What is the single most common cause of airway blockage?
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The tounge.
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Where is a tourniquet applied?
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Around the limb, between the wound and the heart. Placed 2-4in above the wound but never directly on a joint.
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How tight should the tourniquet be?
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Tight enough to stop the bright red bleeding.
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What should be done to indicate a casualty has a tourniquet?
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Mark the casualty's forehead with a "T" and note the time of application.
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When should you remove a tourniquet?
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Never.
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Define manual pressure:
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Firm pressure on the dressing for 5-10 minutes.
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What is HIV?
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Human Immunovirus.
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What should be applied if a bleeding continues after applying a field dressing?
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Apply manual pressure then a pressure dressing.
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What are the two types of artificial respiration?
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Mouth to mouth, and the back pressure arm lift method.
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Should a causalty be given water to drink?
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A casualty should not eat or drink.
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What are signs of shock?
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Cool, pale and damp skin; confusion; nausea or vomiting; restlessness or nervousness; loss of blood; thirst; fast breathing; fainting spells; excessive perspiration; blotched or bluish skin-especially around the mouth.
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When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?
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When there is a head injury, abdominal wound, or unsplinted fractured leg.
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What is th treatment for shock?
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Move to cover is possible; lay casualty on their back; elevate the legs; loosen clothing; prevent chilling or overheating; keep the casualty calm.
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what is the measure of checking the tightness of bandages?
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Two fingers should slip under the bandage.
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What items should never be used for a tourniquet?
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Wire or string
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What procedure is used to restore heartbeat?
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
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When it becomes neccessary to give CPR what is the ratio of pumps to breaths for one-man rescue and two-man rescue?
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One-man 15 pumps/2 breaths
two-man 5 pumps/1 breath |
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When may resuscitation measures be stopped?
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When a doctor tells you to stop
When you are relieved by others When you can't physically continue When the casualty starts breathing on her own. |
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What is the correct method of artificial respiration used during a NBC attack and why?
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The back pressure army lift method because during a NBC attack both of you will be masked.
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When is a casualty's clothing not removed in order to expose a wound?
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When in a NBC environment, or when the clothing is stuck to the wound.
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What is unique about type "O" blood?
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It is the universal donor. Everyone can use it.
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Why should wounds be treated as soon as possible?
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To control bleeding and protect the wound from contamination by germs.
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What is a heat injury?
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General deydration of the body brought on by loss of water and salt through activity in the heat.
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What are the three categories of heat injuries?
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Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke.
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Describe the signs of heat cramps:
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Muscle cramps of the legs, arms or abdomen, excessive sweating.
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Describe the treatment for heat cramps?
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Move the casualty into shade, loosen clothing and give cool water.
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Name the signs of heat exhaustion/
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Pale, moist and cool, clammy skin; headache, muscle cramps, excessive sweating, weakness, nausea, dizziness, cramps, urge to defecate, chills, rapid breathing, confusion, tingling in the hands or feet.
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How shoud heat exhaustion be treated?
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move the casualty to a cool, shaded area, loosen any tight fitting clothing, have him drink a canteen of cool water, elevate the legs and monitor.
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Describe signs and symptoms of heat stroke?
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The person stops sweating, skin is dry and hot, pulse is fast, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and mental confusion, weakness, seizures.
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How should heat stroke be treated?
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Immerse the casualty in the coldest water available and remove clothing and wet entire body while fanning, transport to the nearest medical facility.
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What are the two most common types of fractures?
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Open (compound), closed (simple)
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What is an open fracture?
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A broken bone that breakes through the skin.
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What should be done first for an open fracture?
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Stop the bleeding.
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What are the signs and symptoms of fractures?
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Pain at the site, discoloration and deformity.
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Why is a fracture immobillized?
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To prevent the sharp edges of the bone from moving and cutting tissue, muscle, blood vessels and verves. Doing thsi reduces pain and helps prevent and control shock.
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What is shock and why is it dangerous?
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Shock is inadequate blood flow t the vital organs and tissues. if shock is uncorrected it may result in death even though the injury or conditions causing shock appear to be less than fatal.
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What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
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Splint them where they lie.
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What does the key word "COLD" mean in cold weather protection?
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C- keeping CLEAN
O- avoid OVERHEATING L- wear LOOSE clothing in layers D- keeping it DRY |
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Name five types of cold and wet weather injuries?
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Frostbite: actual freezing of a part of the body.
Hypothermia: lowering of the body temperature. Immersion foot/trench foot: occurs between 32 and 50 degrees. Chilblain: mild form of frostbite. Snow blindess: pain in and around the eyes. |
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Describe the signs and symptoms of frostbite?
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Loss of sensation or numb feeling in any part of the body.
Sudden whitening of the skin in the affected area, followed by a momentary tingling feeling. Redness of skin in light skinned soldiers; grayish coloring in dark skinned soldiers. Blisters. |