Firefighter 1 Ch. 4 Building Construction

Front 1

The most common building material in North Amperica?

Back 1

Wood

Front 2

Load-Bearing Wall

Back 2

Supports weight of building

Front 3

Party Wall

Back 3

Load barring wall shared by two adjacent structures.

Front 4

Partition Wall

Back 4

Divides two areas within a structure. (basic non load-bearing wall)

Front 5

The reaction of wood to fire depends on two factors:

Back 5

Size of wood and moisture content

Front 6

Masonry includes:

Back 6

Bricks, Stones, And concrete Blocks

Front 7

Which type of Material is minimally affected by fire and exposure to high temperatures?

Back 7

Masonry

Front 8

What may cause masonry materials to crack?

Back 8

Rapid cooling

*chimney flue fires

Front 9

Masonry materials should be inspected for damage when?

Back 9

After extinguishment is complete

Front 10

Which material stands up well to fire and intense heat but may crack or shatter when rapidly cooled?

Back 10

Cast Iron

Front 11

Which material is primarily used for structural support in the construction of large modern buildings?

Back 11

Steel

Front 12

A 50 ft beam may elongate by how long at what temperature?

Back 12

4 inches at 1,000 degrees F

Front 13

Variables of when steel may fail include: (4)

Back 13

1. Size of member

2. Load it is under

3. composition of steel

4. Geometry of member

Front 14

Gypsum

Back 14

inorganic product from which plaster and wallboards are constructed.

*high water content which abosrbs heat well

Front 15

What is gypsum used for?

Back 15

commonly used to provide insulation to steel and wood structural members that are less adapted to high heat situations.

Front 16

What material is not commonly used for structural support?

Back 16

Glass

Front 17

What is Glass commonly used for?

Back 17

in sheet form for doors and windows.

Front 18

Which type of glass is used for insulation?

Back 18

Fiberglass

Front 19

TYPE I Construction:

Back 19

Fire-resistive

*Parking Garage

Weakness
- Diffucult to breach or vent

Front 20

TYPE II Construction:

Back 20

Noncombustible

*All-metal buildings

Weakness
-Difficult to breach, Failer due to heat

Front 21

TYPE III Construction:

Back 21

Ordinary

*Store front or home

Weakness
-Water damage, Fire spread

Front 22

Type IV Construction:

Back 22

Heavy Timber

*Large Think Cabon type wood

Weakness
-Fire spread from outside, Water damage

Front 23

TYPE V Conctruction:

Back 23

Wood Frame

*Regular Home

Weakness
-Rapid flame spread, water damage

Front 24

Construction types NFPA?

Back 24

NFPA 220

Front 25

Masonry materials should be inspected for damage when?

Back 25

After extinguishment is complete

Front 26

Which material stands up well to fire and intense heat but may crack or shatter when rapidly cooled?

Back 26

Cast Iron

Front 27

Which material is primarily used for structural support in the construction of large modern buildings?

Back 27

Steel

Front 28

A 50 ft beam may elongate by how long at what temperature?

Back 28

4 inches at 1,000 degrees F

Front 29

Variables of when steel may fail include: (4)

Back 29

1. Size of member

2. Load it is under

3. composition of steel

4. Geometry of member

Front 30

Gypsum

Back 30

inorganic product from which plaster and wallboards are constructed.

*high water content which abosrbs heat well

Front 31

What is gypsum used for?

Back 31

commonly used to provide insulation to steel and wood structural members that are less adapted to high heat situations.

Front 32

What material is not commonly used for structural support?

Back 32

Glass

Front 33

What is Glass commonly used for?

Back 33

in sheet form for doors and windows.

Front 34

Which type of glass is used for insulation?

Back 34

Fiberglass

Front 35

Building Construction NFPA?

Back 35

NFPA 220

Front 36

5 Things to look at when sizing up building?

Back 36

Age of Building

Construction material

Roof Type

Renovations or Modifications

Dead loads i.e. HVAC, water tanks, etc

Front 37

2 primary types of dangerous conditions posed by particular building?

Back 37

Conditions that:
-Contribute to spread or intensity of fire
-Make the building susceptuble to collapse

Front 38

FIre Load

Back 38

Maximum heat that can be produced if all combustible materials in a given area burn.

Front 39

History shows that ______ can significantly contribute to fire spread. (roof)

Back 39

Wooden Shakes

Front 40

What contributes to fire spread through out in buildings?

Back 40

Large open spaces

Front 41

What is essential in large open spaces to slow the spread of fire?

Back 41

Proper Vertical Ventilation

Front 42

Collapse Zone

Back 42

The area extending horizontally from the base of the wall t one and a half times the hieght of the wall

Front 43

First move when collapse is possible?

Back 43

First exit the building

*command and all other should be informed

Second, clear the collapse zone asap

Front 44

Unprotected lightweight steel and wooden trusses can fail after how long?

Back 44

5 - 10 mins

Front 45

What temperature is the critical temperature for steel trusses?

Back 45

1,000 degrees F

Front 46

What type of trusses are used in older buildings that require large open spaces without supporting columns such as auto dealerships, bowling alleys, etc?

Back 46

Bowstring trusses

Front 47

What type of truss should be suspected in buildings with arched roofs?

Back 47

Bowstring trusses

Front 48

When are bowstring trusses best identified?

Back 48

during preincident planning

Front 49

Tension

Back 49

Stress that pulls things apart

Front 50

Compression

Back 50

Stress that pushes things together

Front 51

Firefighters may not go into a building or on the roof if trusses have been expossed to fire for how long?

Back 51

5 to 10 mins

Front 52

Ballon Frame

Back 52

Wood frame construction in which the studs in exterior walls extend from the basement to the roof.

*Allows fire spread easyly and undetected

Front 53

Bar joist

Back 53

A joist constructed of steel with bars verticle in space.

Drawing:
----------------------------------
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
----------------------------------

Front 54

Butterfly roof

Back 54

V-Shaped roof in which the two sides slope toward a valley in the middle.

*Rarly seen in cold climates

Front 55

Chord

Back 55

Main structural members of a truss. Distinguished from diagonals in the space between upper and lower member of truss

Front 56

Cockloft

Back 56

Open space between the roof and ceiling of a commercial or industrial building.

*Usually found under flat roofs.

Front 57

Course

Back 57

Horizontal layer of masonry units. A row of bricks is a course.

Front 58

Decking

Back 58

Planks or panels of plywood or oreinted strand board (OSB) that form the substrate of a roof assembly.

Front 59

Eave

Back 59

The edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an outside wall.

Front 60

Fire wall

Back 60

a rated assembly that extends from the foundation to and through the roof of a building to limit fire spread.

Front 61

Gable roof

Back 61

Pitched roof characterized by square cut ends and sides that slope down from the ridge line to the eaves.

*Most common roof style on homes

Front 62

Gambrel Roof

Back 62

Roof characterized by a single ridge line from which roof selections on both sides of the ridge descend at two different pitches.

*Hard to use roof ladders on them

Front 63

Gusset Plate

Back 63

Wooden or Metal plate used to connect structural members that are butted together, most often used in trusses

Front 64

Hip roof

Back 64

Pitched roof in which the ends are all beveled so that there are no gamble walls.

Front 65

Interstitial space

Back 65

Spaces (cockloft, attics) somtimes used for storage.

Front 66

Joists

Back 66

Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor.

Front 67

Lamella Arch

Back 67

Arch constructed of short wooden members connected in a specific geometric pattern.

Front 68

Mansard roof

Back 68

Characterized by steeply sloped facets surrounding a flat or nearly flat center section.

Front 69

HVAC

Back 69

Heating Ventilation Airconditioning