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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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New company officers need to recognize that they are what? |
Supervisor and a subordinate, they still have to execute the orders of superior officers |
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new officers are challenged to learn, apply and model what traits? |
Leadership Ethics Supervision Responsibility Authority |
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To successfully enact change with a crew, what should the officer do? |
Verbalize personal expectations Establish priorities Listen to crew members |
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Why is organization structure necessary? |
It permits the effective, organized and efficient use of resources |
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What is a scalar structure? |
Defined as having an uninterrupted series of steps or a chain of command |
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Difference between centralized authority and decentralized authority? |
Centralized- one person makes the decisions Decentralized- decision making is delegated to others |
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What is unity of command? |
Each person within an organization reports to one and only one designated authority |
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What is sidestepping? |
Bypassing the chain of command and going to a higher rank |
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What is functional supervision? |
An organizational principle that allows workers to report to more than one supervisor |
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What is division of labor? |
Consists of dividing large jobs into smaller tasks that are assigned to specific individuals It’s used to: Assign responsibility Prevent duplication of effort Make specific, clear cut assignments |
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What are the 3 leadership styles? |
Autocratic- orders flow from the top down Democratic- obtain input from others Laissez-faire- leaders do not make decisions, the followers do |
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What are some skills of emotional intelligence? |
Leadership skills Self-management skills Intrapersonal skills Interpersonal skills |
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What are 3 priority levels? |
Emergency response - Top priority Preparation for emergency response - 2nd Organizational duties - 3rd |
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Systematic approach to decision making |
Identify- identify a problem that requires a response Select- choose the appropriate response to the problem Design- determine the steps required to meet the selected goals Implement- perform the selected activity or supervise crew members in the activity that will fix the problem Evaluate- determine the effectiveness of the activity in meeting the goals |
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Company officers must know and understand the following about sexual harassment |
Laws that govern workplace behavior Behaviors that constitute harassment and create a hostile environment Local reporting process for sexual harassment charges Employee/member rights in such cases |
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What are signs that a sexual harassment is occurring? |
Lack of engagement Absenteeism Avoidance of certain co workers Changes in behavior |
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What are two types of performance evaluations? |
Formal and informal Formal are generally written, informal may be in person |
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What are some common behaviors that people exhibit when faced with conflict? |
Passive- hide emotions Aggressive- express their emotions openly Passive/aggressive- express negative feelings in passive ways Assertive- express their emotions honestly and defend their rights without hurting others |
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Basic elements of interpersonal communication? |
Sender(company officer)- verbal and nonverbal communication Message- content the sender is trying to communicate Receiver(crew members)- individuals with whom the sender is attempting to communicate Feedback to the sender- reaction of the receiver to the message and it’s tone Interference- anything that may prevent the receiver from understanding the message |
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What are some good listening skills? |
Attending- paying strict attention to the speaker Understanding- decoding the message assigning meaning to it involves Remembering- retaining info in short term and then long term memory Evaluating- critically analyzing info to determine how accurate it is Responding- provide feedback to the sender indicating that the message or info has been understood |
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What is interoperability? |
Ability of a system to work with and use the parts of equipment of another system |
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What are the 5 C’s of radio communication? |
Conciseness Clarity Confidence Control Capability |
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Who are the two types of customers? |
Internal- employees and members of the organization External- members of the general population |
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What is community risk reduction? |
Broad term that incorporates all programs that protect the public using protection, prevention and education |
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What is the most common injury for FF? |
Sprains and strains |
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What is the difference between unsafe acts and unsafe conditions? |
Unsafe acts- are internal factors that the crew performs Unsafe conditions- are externally controlled and should be recognized |
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Since manufactured products are now found in modern residential, what does that mean for the skin absorption? |
As fires burn hotter, our skins absorbs more carcinogens Absorption rate increases 400% for every 5 degree rise in temp Areas include groin, jaw, forehead and back |
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What is the 4 step method of instruction? |
Preparation Presentation Application Evaluation |
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Which type of construction lacks void spaces? |
Type IV |
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What is a modular home? |
Modular sections can be stacked vertically and connected horizontally in numerous ways |
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What are panelized homes? |
They are assembled on site from pre constructed panels made of foam and insulation sandwiches between sheets of plywood |
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What are pre cut homes? |
Pre cut homes consists of individual parts that are custom cut and must be assembled on site |
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What is an assembly occupancy? |
Any structure or room that is used for gathering of 50 or more |
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What is a mercantile? |
An occupancy as any building that is used to display or sell merchandise |
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What does a local alarm do? |
May be activated manually Sensors detect heat, smoke or flame Initiates an alarm only on the premise, does not transmit any signal to the fire department |
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What is an auxiliary system? |
Used only in communities that have municipal alarm box systems Connected to a municipal alarm box out on the street, the system then transmits a signal to the fire department |
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What is a remote system? |
Connected directly to the communications/dispatch center One remote system may cover up to 5 buildings |
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What is a proprietary and central station system? |
Proprietary- used to protect large buildings or high rises, each building in the complex is protected by a separate system connected to a common receiving point that’s monitored on site Central station- the receiving point is not on the premise and the owners of the premise does not employ the person receiving the alarm |
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What stage does rapid fire growth usually occur in? |
Growth stage |
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What is entrainment? |
Fires drawing in air It depends on where the fire is in the room to how much air can be brought in |
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What is a significant indicator of flash over? |
Roll over Unburned gases at the top of a compartment ignite and flames propagate through the hot gas layer or across the ceiling |
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4 common elements of flash over |
Transition in fire development Rapidity Compartment Pyrolysis of all exposed fuel surfaces |
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When does backdraft occur? |
It happens in the decay stage, in a high concentration of heated flammable gases that lack sufficient oxygen |
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Different classes of fuel |
Class A- cellulose, most common in structures Class B- flammable/combustible fuels Class C- energized electrical wiring Class D- combustible metals Class K- kitchen, deep fat fryers |
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What are exigent circumstances? |
Conditions that allow emergency responders and LE to enter a structure without a warrant People may be in imminent danger Evidence may face imminent destruction A suspect may escape |
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For inspecting a building, where can you get the best information? |
The previous occupancy inspection |
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What is the most important life safety item to be inspected? |
Means of egress |
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What are the 3 parts of an exit? |
Access to the exit The exit itself The exit discharge |
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What does the haz mat placard mean? |
Red- flammability 0 will not burn 4 flammable gases, volatile liquids Blue- health 0 minimal hazard 4 severe hazard Yellow- instability 0 normally stable 4 capable of detonation or explosive decomposition White- special hazard NFPA 704 |
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What is the globally harmonized system? (Chemicals) |
A system of classification and leveling of chemicals Some key elements: Uniform classification Uniform labeling standards Signal words (danger- most severe, warning- less severe) Uniform safety data sheet content and format |
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How long should stationary fire pumps be ran for testing? |
NFPA 20 requires that these pumps run for at least 30 mins per week |
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What is a preaction sprinkler? |
Closed sprinklers attached to a piping under pressure by air and a secondary detection device. Both systems must operate before the extinguishment agent is released |
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What is a dry chemical system? |
It must conform to NFPA 17 and is used in areas where a rapid extinguishment of the fire is required, but recognition is unlikely, either engineered or pre engineered Engineered- specifically calculated and constructed for a particular occupancy Pre engineered- designed to protect an area |
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What is fixed dry chemical system? |
Same as a portable dry chem, nontoxic, but leaves a powdery residue 2 types (local application and total flooding) Local application (most common dry chemical system)- most common, discharged directly onto a relative small area, will shut off gas to the area Total flooding- installed in areas such as paint booths, where a heavy agent is needed to fill the entire space |
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What system is the best for cooking oil related applications? |
Wet chemical system.. mixture of water and some type of potassium |
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Carbon dioxide systems |
Total flooding CO2 systems must have a predischarge alarm to warn room occupants of an impending discharge Local application CO2 systems are usually supplied from one or more small tank |
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What are halogenated agents good for? |
Effective on B and C fires It leaves no residue, but it’s harmful to humans and the planets ozone layer |
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Extinguisher placement? |
Extinguishers with a gross weight of 40 lbs should be installed so the top is not more than 5 feet above the floor If more than 40 lbs except wheeled types, should be installed so the top is not more than 3.5 feet above the floor The clearance between the bottom and the floor should never be less than 4” |
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Automatic roof and wall vents |
Release heat and smoke to the outside through vents that work automatically Placed at the highest point of a roof or wall |
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What are atrium vents and monitors? |
Atrium- release heat and smoke Monitors- release heat and smoke to the outside from a square or rectangular structure the penetrates the roof |
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What is a curtain board? |
Fire resistive half walls (also known as draft curtains) extend from the underside of a roof to limit the horizontal spread of heat and smoke |
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What are the 3 major tasks with any pre incident plan? |
Gathering the date Entering the data Keeping the data current |
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When is a unified command structure necessary? |
When an incident involved or threatens to involve more than one agency |
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What is RECEO-VS? |
Rescue Exposure Confinement Extinguishment Overhaul Ventilation Salvage |
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What is crew resource management? |
A system that optimizes the utilization of all available resources, personnel, procedures and equipment in order to promote safety and improve operational efficiency |
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What is operational readiness? |
To prepare for the things you can do before an emergency Fitness, preplans, equipment check |
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Strategic vs tactical |
Strategic goals (Life safety, incident stabilization) Tactical objectives (Search, contain a haz mat spill) |
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What are the 3 primary classifications of evidence? |
Direct- composed of facts to which a person attest without further support (they saw it) Circumstantial- something someone can conclude Physical- physical objects for inspection (tool marks, tire tracks) |
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What is spoiliation? |
Evidence that is damaged, altered, lost or destroyed by someone who has the responsibility to preserve it |
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What is the area of origin? |
Where the ignition source and material first ignited actually came together |
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Where should you start a fire investigation first? Where do you start on the interior? |
Start outside first For the interior work from the area of least damage to the greatest damage |
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What 3 qualities must an ignition source have? |
Sufficient temp to ignite the first material Sufficient heat energy transfer to result of the first material Sufficient time to transfer the required heat to the first material |
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What is an emotional skill that is especially useful for communication under stressful situations? |
Assertion |
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4 stage development model |
Forming- employees are initially uncertain of their roles in the group Storming- conflict may results as members compete for a position of informal leadership Norming- the group establishes and adheres to its own set of norms and values Performing- the supervisor works to maintain team spirit as the group completes the task |
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2 categories of plans |
Standing- include polices, procedures and rules that are used frequently Single use- this is intended to reach an objective within a short time period |
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What are the 3 types of speeches and presentations? |
Persuasive- most important but difficult to develop Informative- easiest to develop Instructional |
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What is the preferred method of communication? |
Direct, face to face |
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Factory built homes constructed before when have less fire resistance than current ones? |
1976 |
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Passive VS pressurization systems? |
Passive- smoke control barriers with sufficient fire endurance to protect against fire spread (fire stops, door gasket) Pressurization- use mechanical fans and vent to create a pressure difference across a barrier such as a wall to prevent smoke from infiltrating to the high pressure side of the barrier |
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Smoke control systems |
Zoned smoke control- limit the movement of smoke Dilution- in areas such as atriums and highway tunnels, dilutes the contaminates to make it healthier Exhaust method- mechanical vent along with the properties of smoke to collect it at the highest point in a large space Opposed air flow method- used in large spaces where smoke migration from the fire zone is limited by an opposed air flow |
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What is rapid fire development? |
Refers to the rapid transition from the growth stage or early decay stage to a ventilation limited, fully developed stage |
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When does smoke explosions occur? |
When a mix of unburned fuel gases and oxygen comes in contact with an ignition source |
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Thermal properties of a building |
Insulation- contains heat within the building causes a localized increase in the temp Heat reflectivity- increase fire spread through the transfer of radiant heat Retention- maintains temp by slowly absorbing and releasing heat |
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What is the upper human survivability limit? |
212 degrees F |
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What is a fire and EMS organization success directly proportional to? |
To its community involvement |
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What does authority refer to? |
To the legal ability of an individual to make and implement decisions for which the individual is held accountable |
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What is delegation of authority? |
The process of providing subordinates with the authority, direction and resources needed to complete an assignment |
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How should officers encourage chain of command? |
Be available Be proactive Take action Follow up |
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What should company officers practice and improve? |
Supervisory skills Interpersonal skills Communication skills |
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What is the best tool to eliminate harassment in the work place? |
Prevention |
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What are the 4 key objectives in the development of NIMS/ICS? |
Provide enhanced functionality with equipment and capabilities for public safety needs Improve spectrum efficiency Ensure competition among multiple vendors through open system architecture Allow effective, efficient, and reliable intra agency and interagency communications |
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Did NIMS ICS make the adoption and use of clear text radio communications mandatory? |
Yes |
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Should you use wipes containing alcohol or alcohol derivatives after a fire? |
No, they can open up pores |
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What is the best method for providing a safe workplace? |
Proper maintenance |
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What is risk management? |
The process of identifying and analyzing the exposure to hazards, selecting appropriate techniques to handle exposures, implementing chosen techniques, and monitoring the results of those techniques |
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What are the three “E” of safety model? |
Engineering Education Enforcement |
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What are the two model code organizations in the US? |
International code council NFPA |
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What is an independent not for profit product safety testing and certification organization? |
UL |
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What type of smoke does vinyl siding produce? |
Dense, dark, oily, toxic smoke |
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What is the most common type of factory built home? |
Manufactured homes |
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Why will fire spread quicker through manufactured homes? |
Fewer internal walls to create compartments and interior finishes which add the fuel load |
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Why will fire spread quicker through manufactured homes? |
Fewer internal walls to create compartments and interior finishes which add the fuel load |
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What % of factory built homes are modular? |
6% |
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Day care OCC provide care, maintenance and supervision of persons of any age for periods less than how long? |
24 hours |
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Flow path |
Defined as the space between the air intake and the exhaust outlet |
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What is rapid fire development? |
Rapid transition from the growth stage or early decay stage to a ventilation limited, fully developed stage |
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A flow paths effectiveness to transport ambient air to the seat of the fire is based on what |
Size of the vent opening Length of the path traveled Number of obstructions Elevation differences between the base of the fire and opening |
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Wind speeds as low as how many mph can cause wind driven fires? |
10 MPH |
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Exterior wall coverings add what kind of fuels? |
Carbon fuels- wooden siding Petroleum fuels- vinyl siding |
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Acronym for structural firefighting tactical goals |
S- size up L- locate the fire I- identify and control flow path C- cool the space for a safe distance E- extinguish the fire R- rescue S- salvage |
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What’s the perimeter for an explosion? |
Established at 1.5 times the distance from the farthest piece of debris found |
