Fire Investigations

Front 1

Emergency response personnel conducting a fire investigation are faced with the blank and blank that firefighters encounter during suppression and overhaul activities; including blank blank, blank blank, blank blank, and the presence of blank blank.

Back 1

Same hazards, dangers. Structural instability, hazardous atmospheres, toxic materials, combustion by products.

Front 2

At a minimum, protect the blank, blank, blank, and blank.

Back 2

Head, eyes, hands, feet.

Front 3

Partially consumed materials continue to produce blank of blank even after the blank blank blank blank.

Back 3

By products of combustion, Flames have been extinguished.

Front 4

Blank blank and other degrading chemicals can quickly blank and blank inadequately protected individuals

Back 4

Smoldering fire. Debilitate and incapacitate.

Front 5

When debris is disturbed, some particles, such as blank, become airborne and susceptible to inflation.

Back 5

Asbestos

Front 6

Carbon (soot) is a ___________

Back 6

Carcinogen.

Front 7

If you are not sure, always _______ _____ ________.

Back 7

Wear your SCBA.

Front 8

What are the three atmospheric monitoring devices?

Back 8

1. Carbon monoxide monitors
2. Multi gas indicators
3. Radiation devices

Front 9

What are the three levels of radiation?

Back 9

1. Alpha radiation. 2. Beta radiation. 3. Gamma radiation.

Front 10

if hazardous materials are suspected, observe scene from a safe distance and wait for the area to be declared safe by the blank blank blank.

Back 10

Hazardous materials team.

Front 11

Treat all body fluids as if they are blank.

Back 11

Biohazards.

Front 12

Place a barrier between you and the infectious agent by wearing blank blank, blank, blank, and blank blank.

Back 12

Disposable gloves, mask, gowns, and eye protection.

Front 13

Common hazards found during investigation include damaged blank members.

Back 13

Structural

Front 14

Common hazards found during investigation. Ignition blank (hidden blank, blank, blank)

Back 14

Sources (hidden fires, pilots, electricity)

Front 15

Determining the cause of a fire may be a relatively simple procedure that requires only the expertise of blank blank blank on the scene.

Back 15

The emergency responders.

Front 16

More complex fire incidents or possible crime scenes often require the additional assistance of blank blank personnel and blank blank blank at the local, state, or provincial and federal level.

Back 16

Law enforcement, qualified fire investigators

Front 17

It is critical that firefighters be aware of the blank and or blank in their areas for contacting law enforcement personnel, calling in fire investigators, and following guidelines in all matters relating to legal issues.

Back 17

Guidelines, regulations

Front 18

In most jurisdictions the blank blank has the legal responsibility for determining the cause and origin of a fire.

Back 18

Fire Chief

Front 19

The fire chief delegate his authority to blank blank blank and blank at the scene to determine the cause of the fire.

Back 19

The fire officers, and firefighters

Front 20

Proper training enables firefighters to recognize and collect important information by blank blank blank and its blank during the response, upon arrival, when entering the structure, and while locating and extinguishing the fire.

Back 20

Observe the fire and its behavior

Front 21

Blank blank blank are in a position to observe unusual conditions that may indicate an incendiary fire.

Back 21

First arriving firefighters

Front 22

Blank blank, blank blank, or other members of a blank blank blank may be responsible for conducting investigations beyond the determination of fire origin and cause.

Back 22

Fire marshals, fire inspectors, Fire Prevention Bureau

Front 23

In many departments, fire investigators are also blank blank blank or authorized to blank blank and blank blank.

Back 23

Sworn peace officers, carry weapons and make arrests.

Front 24

Some departments have special blank blank or blank squads. In other departments, fire department and blank blank personnel work together.

Back 24

Fire investigation, arson squads. Law enforcement personnel

Front 25

In some localities the blank blank has sole responsibility for handling an arson investigation.

Back 25

Police Department

Front 26

In other areas, the responsibility for cause determination and investigation lies with the blank blank blank or some other state agency rather than with local agencies.

Back 26

State Fire Marshall

Front 27

Private companies may conduct blank blank when a fire involving their property, or an blank blank investigator may conduct the investigation.

Back 27

Separate investigations, insurance company

Front 28

Observations en route.

Back 28

1. Time of day.
2. Weather and natural hazards.
3. Barriers.
4. People leaving the scene.

Front 29

Observations upon arrival.

Back 29

1. Time of arrival and extent of fire.
2. Wind direction and velocity.
3. Doors or windows locked or unlocked.
4. Containers or cans.
5. Burglary tools.
6. Familiar faces.

Front 30

Observations should be made at what points?

Back 30

1. En route.
2. Upon arrival.
3. During firefighting operations.

Front 31

Firefighters should obtain as much information as possible pertaining to a fire. Remember blank blank blank, and blank blank blank.

Back 31

What you did, and what you witnessed.

Front 32

Firefighters should not attempt to blank a potential arson suspect unless they are blank blank blank to do so. In most cases that is the job of a blank blank blank.

Back 32

Interrogate, trained and authorized, trained fire investigator.

Front 33

Unauthorized remarks that are published or broadcast can also impede the efforts of an investigator to prove blank blank and the fire cause.

Back 33

Malicious intent

Front 34

A sufficient reply to any question concerning cost is...

Back 34

" the fire is under investigation."

Front 35

Firefighters should only make their statements to...

Back 35

The fire investigator.

Front 36

Any public statement regarding the fire cause should be made only after the blank and blank blank blank have a greet to its accuracy and validity and have given permission for it to be released.

Back 36

Investigator and the ranking fire officer.

Front 37

Firefighters should report all of their observations concerning the fire to blank blank as soon as possible.

Back 37

Their supervisor

Front 38

If asked, each firefighter should write a blank blank of important circumstances personally observed.

Back 38

Chronological account

Front 39

Once all fire personnel leave the scene, a blank blank or blank blank blank blank will be required to enter the premises.

Back 39

Search warrant, or written consent to search.

Front 40

Tagging and photographing evidence may be done by blank blank personnel, depending on local policies and personnel availability.

Back 40

Law enforcement

Front 41

Personnel must be trained in blank blank and blank.

Back 41

Evidence collection and preservation.

Front 42

Blank blank the area can also help secure the scene during firefighting operations.

Back 42

Cordoning off

Front 43

Firefighters have the right to respond to and enter property for the purpose of extinguishing a fire and performing an investigation.

Back 43

Right of entry

Front 44

Once the fire department leaves the scene, they may be required to get a blank blank to re enter the scene.

Back 44

Search warrant

Front 45

Requiring firefighters to obtain a search warrant to reenter the scene is based on the case of blank vs blank.

Back 45

Michigan vs Tyler

Front 46

In order to search areas not in plain view or remove property that may be relevant to the fire origin and cause investigation, investigators will require either consent from the owner or a warrant.

Back 46

Search and Seizure

Front 47

Suspects must be advised of their constitutional rights before they are interviewed or taken into custody.

Back 47

Miranda warning

Front 48

Defined as loss, destruction, or material alteration of an object or document that is evidence or potential evidence in a legal proceeding, by one who has the responsibility for its preservation.

Back 48

Spoliation

Front 49

Evidence taken from the fire scene must be documented.

Back 49

Chain of Custody and Continuity of Evidence.

Front 50

These decisions indicate that if there is incendiary evidence, the fire department should leave at least blank blank on the premises until an investigator arrives.

Back 50

One person

Front 51

Leaving the premises and then returning later without a search warrant might be enough to make prosecution blank or for an appellate court to Blanc a conviction.

Back 51

Impossible, overturn

Front 52

Each department must comply with the legal opinions that affect its jurisdiction in this regard. These opinions or interpretations can be obtained from such persons as. Blank blank or blank blank blank.

Back 52

District attorney or state attorney general.

Front 53

Protect evidence by keeping it blank and blank until an investigator arrives.

Back 53

Untouched and undisturbed

Front 54

Do not gather or handle evidence unless it is blank blank in order to preserve it.

Back 54

Absolutely necessary

Front 55

If firefighters handle or procure evidence, they then become a blank blank blank blank blank blank for that evidence.

Back 55

A link in the chain of custody

Front 56

Blank blank and blank blank must be protected. Blank blank placed over blank can prevent otherwise clear prints from being degraded before they are photographed or plaster casts made.

Back 56

Human footprints and tire marks. Cardboard boxes, prints

Front 57

Remove charred materials to prevent the possibility of blank and to help reduce blank blank.

Back 57

rekindle, smoke damage.

Front 58

Area of origin.

Back 58

The geographic area where the fire started.

Front 59

Point of origin.

Back 59

The specific location where the heat source comes in contact with the fuel.

Front 60

The first step is to blank blank, especially those that reported the fire.

Back 60

Interview witnesses

Front 61

When interviewing witnesses and firefighters, Determine the blank, blank, blank of the fire along with any unusual circumstances before, during, or after the fire.

Back 61

Location, size, appearance

Front 62

Match blank burn patterns to blank burn patterns.

Back 62

Exterior, interior

Front 63

Usually more damage is located closer to the blank of blank.

Back 63

Room of origin

Front 64

Heavier automatic ventilation stains are located blank blank and blank of the room of origin.

Back 64

Above doors and windows

Front 65

When examining the interior, work from the area of blank blank to the blank blank.

Back 65

Least damage, greatest damaged.

Front 66

What are the indicators to the point of origin?

Back 66

1. Charring.
2. V-Pattern.
3. Light bulbs.
4. Flooring.

Front 67

Fire may burn up or down depending on ventilation, the fuel burning, or dropdowns, however, fire mostly burns blank. This describes blank.

Back 67

upward, Charring.

Front 68

Measure char depth. The deeper the level of char, the closer to the blank of blank. Char depth can be influenced by the blank in blank of wood, blank of wood, and blank.

Back 68

Area of origin, type and age of wood, density of wood, ventilation.

Front 69

Usually the blank of the v-shaped burn pattern points close to or directly to the area of origin.

Back 69

Vertex (the point)

Front 70

Be careful of blank material, blank or blank producing multiple V-patterns.

Back 70

Drop-down material, convection, or radiation.

Front 71

Incandescent light bulbs will blank and blank towards the heat source, which may indicate the direction of fire travel.

Back 71

Soften and swell

Front 72

Automotive type bulbs or low wattage house bulbs make blank blank on the side adjacent to the heat source.

Back 72

Sink in

Front 73

Heavily charred floors may indicate blank blank blank, such as furniture or the use of an accelerant.

Back 73

Extra fire load

Front 74

When examining a vehicle fire, Inspect around the blank for evidence that may be hidden.

Back 74

Vehicle

Front 75

When examining a vehicle fire, Check for blank blank or blank.

Back 75

Tire tracks or footprints.

Front 76

Determine if vehicle was blank blank or not.

Back 76

Being driven

Front 77

Notice the blank of the vehicle.

Back 77

Location

Front 78

Look for the blank blank to see if it matches the vehicle.

Back 78

VIN number

Front 79

When examining a vehicle fire look for blank patterns and blank items such as:

Back 79

Burn patterns, missing items:
1. Tires and wheels.
2. Gas cap.
3. Lug nuts.
4. License plate.
5. Body parts.

Front 80

When examining the interior of a vehicle in a fire, look for the position of the blank. look for missing blank, blank. Check the blank blank and blank for missing items.

Back 80

Position of the ignition, missing radios, electronics, glove box, trunk.

Front 81

When examining a vehicle fire, check the blank compartment for obvious damage or missing parts. Check the condition of the blank. Check the blank system for cut lines.

Back 81

Engine compartment, the battery, fuel system

Front 82

Wildland fires start small; they blank, blank, blank, blank, and blank.

Back 82

Smolder, creep, run, crown, and spot.

Front 83

Behavior of a fire burning without flame and barely spreading.

Back 83

Smolder

Front 84

Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly.

Back 84

Creep

Front 85

Fire spreading with a well defined head.

Back 85

Run

Front 86

Fire advancing from crown to crown of trees or shrubs.

Back 86

Crown

Front 87

Sparks or ambers carried by the wind starting new fires ahead of the fire

Back 87

Spot

Front 88

Factors effecting fire spread

Back 88

1. Weather.
2. Topography.
3. Fuels.
4. Barriers.

Front 89

Blank has the greatest effect on fire spread.

Back 89

Wind

Front 90

Fires burn faster blank then blank.

Back 90

Uphill than downhill.

Front 91

Hi humidity and moisture content blank fire development. Fires burn faster in blank, finely divided fuels.

Back 91

Slows. Dry.

Front 92

Rock formations or roads can stop or slow the fire front.

Back 92

Barriers

Front 93

The nearer the point of origin, the blank the fire. Thus, less fuel is consumed and the blank the indicators.

Back 93

Smaller. Smaller.

Front 94

Indicators of the area of origin in wildland fires.

Back 94

1. Grass stems.
2. Protected fuel.
3. Char patterns.
4. Freezing.
5. Staining.

Front 95

As stems burn off at the bottom with some falling into the burned area. Those stamps will remain on burned and fall perpendicular to the fire front. They indicate the direction of fire travel.

Back 95

Grass stems

Front 96

A slow burning, low intensity fire produces deeper char on the side of the fuel exposed to the approaching fire and the blank side is protected and shows fewer signs of burning.

Back 96

Leeward. Protected fuel.

Front 97

The slow burning over a large area appears blank when looking toward the point of origin and blank when viewed away from the point of origin.

Back 97

Dark, light.

Front 98

Fire cause categories

Back 98

1. Accidental.
2. Natural.
3. Incendiary.
4. Undetermined.

Front 99

Blank is not a fire cause and should not be used as a fire cause determination.

Back 99

Suspicious

Front 100

Sources of ignition

Back 100

1. Smoking materials.
2. Hot surfaces.
3. Open flames.
4. Natural sources.
5. Arcs and sparks.
6. Self-heating.

Front 101

A luminous discharge of electricity across a gap reaching temperatures above _____° F enable to ignite light combustibles and flammable vapors.

Back 101

2000° Fahrenheit. Arc.

Front 102

A moving particle of solid material that radiates energy for a brief period of time.

Back 102

Spark.

Front 103

An accumulation of electrical charges on opposing surfaces created by the separation of unlike materials or by movement of surfaces.

Back 103

Electrostatic discharge

Front 104

Created by two surfaces moving against each other.

Back 104

Friction

Front 105

Juvenile fire setters account for more than blank of all the fire set in the US.

Back 105

One third

Front 106

Youngest fire setters

Back 106

3 to 7 years old

Front 107

Set simple fires with materials available. Often try to hide in start fires in a secret area. May be characterized as difficult or manipulative.

Back 107

Curiosity Firesetters

Front 108

Set fires in response to a stressful situation. Mostly simple fires with locations in materials relating to that of the stressor. May deny responsibility and show no guilt.

Back 108

Crysis Firesetters

Front 109

Mostly older children acting in groups. Set fires in remote locations to avoid detection. Have authority issues, academic troubles, or attention deficit.

Back 109

Delinquent Firesetters

Front 110

Often teenagers associated with gangs. Motive is property damage, to harm, or crime concealment. History of juvenile delinquency, school dropouts. _______ ________ is ignition source of choice.

Back 110

Molotov Cocktail. Strategic Firesetters.

Front 111

Recurring firesetter behavior. Directly related to family abuse or neglect. Fires are very destructive. Accelerant use.

Back 111

Pathological Firesetters.

Front 112

Motives for juvenile fire setters

Back 112

1. Curiosity fire setters.
2. Crisis fire setters.
3. Delinquent fire setters.
4. Strategic fire setters.
5. Pathological fire setters.

Front 113

Motives for Adult Firesetters

Back 113

1. Pyromania.
2. Revenge Firesetters
3. Excitement Firesetters.
4. Profit (Fraud) Firesetters.
5. Vandalism Firesetters.
6. Extremist (Terrorism) Firesetters.
7. Crime concealment Firesetters.

Front 114

Revenge Firesetters account for _____% of all the fire problem. Blank blank is often the target. Flammable liquids are blank used due to spontaneity of crime. Fire in home involve blank blank.

Back 114

50%. Personal property. Seldom. Domestic disputes.

Front 115

Associated with burglary, homicide, or embezzlement.

Back 115

Crime Concealment Firesetters

Front 116

Three elements of the crime of arson:

Back 116

1. Burning of the property.
2. Incendiary in nature.
3. Shown to be started with malice or the specific intent of destroying property.

Front 117

First Degree Arson. (verb def.)

Back 117

The willful and malicious burning of a dwelling house of another while it is occupied.

Front 118

Second Degree Arson.

Back 118

The willful and malicious burning of a dwelling house of another.

Front 119

Legal Cases

Back 119

1. Right of Entry.
2. Search and Seizure.
3. Miranda Warning.
4. Spoliation.
5. Chain of Custody and Continuity of Evidence.