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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What Roman emperor created Vigiles? |
Augustus (reigned 63 BC-14 AD) Ch. 2, pg. 11 |
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Who appointed night watchmen called "prowlers" or "the rattle watch?" |
Peter Stuyvesant Ch. 2, pg. 12 |
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During the Great Fire of London, how much of London burned? |
Almost 80% Ch. 2, pg. 12 |
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What American city was designed with fire in mind, and even had the first water supply? |
Philadelphia Ch. 2, pg. 12 & 14 |
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What was the first volunteer fire brigade? When was it founded? What led to its founding? |
-Union Fire Company -1736 -Articles in Benjamin Franklin's newspaper, the Philadelphia Gazette. Ch. 2, pg. 12 |
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Name the two first fire insurance companies in the 1700's |
-Friendly Society of Charleston (1736) -Philadelphia Contributorship (1751) Ch. 2, pg. 12 |
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"Beginning in the 1750's, first in Philadelphia, insurance companies began to display ___________ on structures covered by them." |
Fire marks Ch. 2, pg. 12 |
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What type of fire became a serious problem in 18th century New York? |
Arson Ch. 2, pg. 13 |
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What is arson? |
Intentionally set fire for the purpose of financial gain Ch. 2, pg. 13 |
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How much of New Orleans was destroyed by fire on Good Friday 1788? |
Seven-eighths Ch. 2, pg. 14 |
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How many buildings were left standing after Detroit caught fire in 1805? |
One Ch. 2, pg. 14 |
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Why did fire departments start using speaking trumpets? |
To allow officers to communicate with crews more effectively Ch. 2, pg. 14 |
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When and where were the first hose companies formed? |
Philadelphia, 1803 Ch. 2, pg. 14 |
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Where was the first American fireboat put into operation? |
New York Ch. 2, pg. 14 |
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"In 2006, following 203 years of service, the _________________ became the last of all the insurance-supported salvage corps to operate in the United States." |
New York Fire Patrol Ch. 2, pg. 14 |
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"New York City's Great Fire of December 1835 consumed more than ________ buildings..." |
650 Ch. 2, pg. 15 |
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When did Brooklyn have its great fire? |
1848 Ch. 2, pg. 15 |
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How many major fires swept San Francisco between 1849 and 1851, and how many buildings did the worst destroy? |
-Seven -3,000 Ch. 2, pg. 15 |
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"_____________ marked the golden years of the traditional pre-modern volunteer fire system." |
The 1830s through the 1850s Ch. 2, pg. 15 |
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What were exempt firemen excused from? |
Jury and militia duty Ch. 2, pg. 15 |
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"A New York City sperm oil storage warehouse destroyed 300 buildings in ______." |
1845 Ch. 2, pg. 16 |
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"The Jennings warehouse fire and collapse claimed the lives of _____ New York City volunteers in ______." |
-11 -1854 Ch. 2, pg. 16 |
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"The Pemberton Mills fire in Lawrence, Massachusetts, killed _______ occupants." |
115 Ch. 2, pg. 16 |
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What factors forced a lowering of recruiting standards in the volunteer companies of larger cities? |
Suburban flight of older, middle-class volunteers Ch. 2, pg. 16 |
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Where was the first paid fire department? |
London Ch. 2, pg. 16 |
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What systems did Boston install and employ in 1852? |
-Central telegraph office -Street box fire-alarm telegraph system Ch. 2, pg. 17 |
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What two main changes did Cincinnati make in 1853? |
-Introduce the horse-drawn Latta brothers' steam fire Engine ("Uncle Joe Ross") -Become the first city to employ a top-down, centralized, paid department Ch. 2, pg. 17 |
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"On _________, Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor was shelled by supporters of secession..." |
April 12, 1861 Ch. 2, pg. 17 |
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Why were Southern fire departments at a profound disadvantage during the Civil War? |
All their hand-drawn and steam fire apparatus and much of their equipment were manufactured in the North. Ch. 2, pg. 17 |
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What did the Fire Zouave regiments' uniforms typically consist of? |
-Red firemens' shirts -Colorful jackets -Baggy trousers -Reddish-brown boots -Fezzes (red caps) Ch. 2, pg. 17 |
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Who was almost hanged by rioters during the draft riots in New York when he ordered fire companies to put out fires? |
Chief of Department John Decker Ch. 2, pg. 18 |
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"Amidst bitterness and controversy, New York's volunteers were dismissed in ____. They were replaced with a paid _________________..." |
-1865 -Metropolitan Fire Department Ch. 2, pg. 18 |
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"In 1870 under the terms of the Tweed Charter, the __________________________ was established..." |
Fire Department of the City of New York Ch. 2, pg. 18 |
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When did Philadelphia convert to a paid fire department? |
1870 Ch. 2, pg. 18 |
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When did Los Angeles convert to a paid fire department? |
1886 Ch. 2, pg. 18 |
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Between the end of the Civil War and the First World War, what impact did major technological and managerial innovations have on the fire service? |
-Cut response time -Improved firefighting capacity -Strengthened fire safety laws Ch. 2, pg. 18 |
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When and where was the first American steam-powered fireboat commissioned? |
Boston Fire Department, 1873 Ch. 2, pg. 19 |
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When and where was the first successful aerial extension ladder truck developed? |
-San Francisco Fire Department, 1868 Ch. 2, pg. 19 |
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How many buildings did the Chicago Fire destroy? |
Almost 20,000 Ch. 2, pg. 19 |
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How many people were left homeless by the Chicago Fire? |
100,000 Ch. 2, pg. 19 |
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What was the Chicago Fire blamed on, though a news reporter later confessed to making up the story? |
Mrs. O'Leary's cow Ch. 2, pg. 19 |
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What did the National Board of Fire Underwriters advocate when it was formed in 1866? |
Upgrading firefighting forces and building regulations Ch. 2, pg. 19 |
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What did the Underwriters Electrical Bureau do? |
Test materials for combustibility Ch. 2, pg. 19 |
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What obstacles did mutual aid companies encounter when responding to the Baltimore Fire of 1904? |
-Lack of standard fire hose couplings and threads -Absence of adapters Ch. 2, pg. 19 |
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Why was the NFPA formed? |
Standardizing codes for sprinkler and electrical systems Ch. 2, pg. 19 |
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What was the Baltimore Fire of 1904 responsible for initiating? |
Creation of a new model building code known as the National Building Code Ch. 2, pg. 19 |
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What three fires led to improvements in high-rise occupancies? |
-Brooklyn Theater Fire (1876) -Iroquois Theater Fire (1903) -Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911) Ch. 2, pg. 20 |
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How many lives was the San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906 originally suspected to have taken? How many is it thought to have taken now? What is the cause of the discrepancy? |
-Fewer than 400 -More than 3,000 -A massive cover-up Ch. 2, pg. 20 |
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What was the largest fire in American history? |
San Francisco's Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906 Ch. 2, pg. 20 |
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What was the country's worst theater disaster and when did it occur? |
The Iroquois Theater Fire, 1903 Ch. 2, pg. 20 |
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"In 1901, New York City's chief of department was assigned a ________. By 1922, the last ________ made its final run." |
-Gasoline-driven Locomobile -Horse-drawn apparatus Ch. 2, pg. 20 |
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"The period between the Great Depression and WWII was marked as an era of ______, _______, ____________, _____________, and __________." |
-Lean budgets -The extended use of older equipment -Deferred apparatus acquisition -Manpower shortages -Little or no increases in salaries Ch. 2, pg. 21 |
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What event led to the requirement of using mercaptan in natural gas as an odorant? |
A natural gas explosion that leveled the New London, Texas, Junior-Senior High School and killed 298 students and teachers Ch. 2, pg. 21 |
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"It was _________________ and _________________ that spelled disaster for the Hindenburg when it caught fire..." |
-Flammable hydrogen gas -A highly combustible outer surface Ch. 2, pg. 21 |
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What allowed fire to kill 92 children and 3 nuns at Chicago's Lady of the Angels parochial school in 1958? |
An open stairwell allowed fire to rapidly spread from the basement to the second floor Ch. 2, pg. 21 |
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What caused the French Liberty ship Grandcamp to catch fire and explode and how many Texas City volunteer firefighters were killed? |
-Ammonium nitrate fertilizer -26 Ch. 2, pg. 22 |
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What was the largest loss of firefighters prior to the 9/11 attacks? |
The explosion of the ship Grandcamp in Texas City in 1947 Ch. 2, pg. 22 |
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"The National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control's summary report, America Burning, noted that the mission of the American fire service had ______________________." |
Expanded rapidly beyond fire prevention, suppression, and investigation Ch. 2, pg. 23 |
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"By the opening years of the 21 century, the number of women holding career-firefighter positions exceeded ________. During the same time, it is estimated that there were more than _________ women volunteer firefighters." |
-7,000 -40,000 Ch. 2, pg. 23 |
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"In the 1970s, _____________________ and __________________ made it possible to establish a standardized national Emergency Medical System..." |
-The completion of the interstate highway system -The return of Vietnam veterans willing to serve Ch. 2, pg. 23 |
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What two incidents were the primary causes behind changes in rail tank cars? |
-Tank of propane on a rail car BLEVE'd in Kingman, Arizona in 1973, killing 12 (including 11 firefighters) -Tank of propane on a rail car exploded in 1978 in Waverly, Tennessee, killing 16. Ch. 2, pg. 23 |
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What three notable nightclub fires occurred around the last quarter of the 20th century? |
-Beverly Hills Supper Club (1977) -Happyland Social Club (1990) -Station Nightclub (2003) Ch. 2, pg. 23-24 |
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How many people were killed in the Beverly Hills Supper Club fire? |
165 Ch. 2, pg. 23 |
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How many people were killed in the Happyland Social Club fire? |
87 Ch. 2, pg. 24 |
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How many people were killed in the Station Nightclub fire? |
100 Ch. 2, pg. 24 |
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"Under the leadership of Alan Brunacini, FIRESCOPE evolved into the ______________________." |
Incident Management System Ch. 2, pg. 24 |
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"In 1989, the __________________ established regional task forces under the jurisdiction of the Federal Emergency Management Agency designed to coordinate emergency services during major disasters." |
National Urban Search and Rescue System Ch. 2, pg. 24 |
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How many FDNY members were killed on 9/11? |
343 Ch. 2, pg. 25 |
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"Today's first responders are aware that they are primary targets of terrorists. And yet the roles of firefighters, police, and EMS personnel, both career and volunteer, remain to __________, to ______________, and to _____________." |
-Rescue those at risk -Contain disasters -Comfort survivors Ch. 2, pg. 25 |
