Final Test Psychology

Front 1

Module 21

Back 1

Module 21

Front 2

Stress

Back 2

Anxious or threatening feeling that comes when we interpret or appraise as being more that our psychological resources can adequately handle.

Front 3

Stress

Back 3

Panic Disorder and Panic Attack

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Panic Disorder

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1) Recurrent and unexpected panic attacks.
2) Person becomes so worred about having another panic attack that this intense worrying interferes with normal psychological functioning.

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Panic Attack

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A Period of intense fear of discomfort in which four or more of the following symptoms are present.

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Panic Attack

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a) Pounding heart;sweating
b) trembling;shortness of breath
c) feelings of choking;chest pain
d) nausea;dizziness
e) fear of losing control or dying.

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Primary Appraisals

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Refers to our intial, subjective evaluatio of a situation, in which we balance the demands of a potentially stressful situation against our ability to meet these demands

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3 Different Primary Appraisals

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Irrelevant: mostly nonstressful
Positive: Mostly nonstressful because it makes you feel good.
Stressful: Overtaxes your emotional and psychological resources.

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Primary Appraisals for stressful situations.
(HARM / LOSS APPRAISAL)

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Means that you have already sustained some damage or injury .
Elicits negative emotions, such as fear,anxiety, and anger.
Event or situation seems especially stressful.

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THREAT APPRAISAL

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Means that the harm/loss has not yet taken place but you know it will happen in the near future.
Elicits Negative emotions, such as fear, anxiety, and danger.
Event or situation seems especially stressful

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CHALLENGE APPRAISAL

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Means that you have the potential for gain or personal growth.
Need to mobilize your physical energy and psychological resources to meet the challenging situation.
Elicits positive emotions, such as eagerness or excitement.
Usually less stressful that harm/loss or a threat appraisal.

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SAME SITUATION , DIFFERENT APPRAISALS

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People do not agree on which situation are stressful.
Level of stress depends not only on the kind of situation but also on the kind of primary appraisal one makes.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
(FLIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE)

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Directs great resources of energy to the muscles and the brain.
Can be triggered by either physical stimuli that threaten our survival or psychological situations that are novel, threatening, or challenging.
Involves numerous physiological responses that arouse and prepare the body for action
Fight or Flight

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
(SEQUENCE FOR ACTIVATION OF THE FLIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE)

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* Appraisal
Physically or psychologically threatening stimuli can trigger the fight-flight response and negative emotional feelings.
Fear, rage

Front 15

RESPONSES
(SEQUENCE FOR ACTIVATION OF THE FLIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE) CONT.

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Hypothalamus
- simultaneously activates two stress related responses: it triggers the pituitary gland to release a stress fighting hormone called ACTH
- activates the sympathetic division of the automonic nervous system.

Front 16

RESPONSES
(SEQUENCE FOR ACTIVATION OF THE FLIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE) CONT.

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Fight Flight Response
- increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, secretion of excitatory hormones, and many other responses.
- prepares body to deal with impending threat.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
(PSYCHOSOMATIC SYMPTOMS)

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A) Real, sometimes painful, physical symptoms.
B) Headaches, muscle pains, stomach problems, and increased susceptibility to colds and flu.
C) Caus, by worry, stress, and anxiety.
D) Psychosomatic is derived from: Psyche meaning "mind" ans soma meaning "body"

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
(DEVELOPMENT OF SYMPTOMS)

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Genetic Predisposition
- Most of us inherit a tendency targets a particular organ or bodily system for weakening or breaking down.
- Heart, blood vessels, stomach lining, or immune system.
- Different individuals who are in similar stressful situations experience different kinds of psychosomatic symptoms

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
(DEVELOPMENT OF SYMPTOMS) Cont.

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Lifestyles
- Smoking, being overweight, not exercising, or taking little time for relaxing.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
(DEVELOPMENT OF SYMPTOMS) Cont.

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Threat Appraisals
- Some of us more likely to appraise situations as threatening.
- elicit negative emotions
- trigger fight-flight response
- psychosomatic symptoms
- poor lifestyles and too many threat appraisals
- can damage or break down body organs that may have already been weakened.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
(GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME)

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- Gas, refers to the body's reaction to stressful situations during which it goes through a series of three stages (gradually increase the chances of developing psychosomatic symptoms)

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
(GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME) Cont.

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Alarm Stage
- Initial reaction to stress and is marked by activation of the fight-flight response
- Causes physiological arousal

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
(GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME) Cont.

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Resistance Stage
- The body's reaction to continued stress during which most of the physiological responses return to normal levels but the body uses up great stores of energy.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
(GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME) Cont.

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Exhaustion Stage
- The body's reaction to long-term, continuous stress, marked by actual breakdown in internal organs or weakening of the infection-fighting immune system.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
"MIND BODY CONNECTION"

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Refers to how or thoughts, beliefs, and emotions can produce physiological changes that may be either beneficial or detrimental to your health and well-being

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
"MIND BODY THERAPY"

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- Based on the finding that thoughts and emotions can change physiological and immune responses.
- Uses mental strategies, such as relaxation, meditation, and biofeedback.